Linnaea borealis, commonly known as Twinflower (sometimes written twin flower) is a woodland subshrub, treated either in the family Caprifoliaceae, or sometimes in its own family Linnaeaceae. The stems are slender, hairy and prostrate, growing to 20-40 centimeter long, with opposite evergreen rounded oval leaves 3-10 millimeter long and 2-7 millimeter broad. The flowering stems curve erect, to 4-8 centimeter tall, leafless except at the base; the flowers are paired, pendulous, 7-12 millimeter long, pale pink with a five-lobed corolla. It has a circumpolar distribution in moist subarctic to cool temperate forests, extending further south at high altitudes in mountains, in Europe south to the Alps, in Asia south to northern Japan, and North America south to northern California and Arizona in the west, and Tennessee in the Appalachian Mountains in the east. In Great Britain, the twinflower grows in mainly open pine woodlands in Scotland and northernmost England. Foresters consider this plant to be an indicator species of ancient woodlands, often found in association with Creeping Lady's Tresses. It is listed as "nationally scarce". It is found in about 50 sites around the country, with most situated in the woods around the Cairngorms; the southernmost locations are four sites in Northumberland and one in County Durham. The sparseness of the sites is responsible for the continued decline of the flower in the country.

Twin Flower (Linnaea borealis var. longiflora) is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in moist places, at elevations from 0-8000 feet.

Lipocarpha occidentalis, the Western halfchaff sedge, or Pacific halfchaff sedge, is a plant species native to western part of the United States but cultivated as an ornamental in other regions. It is widespread in California (in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, the Central Valley, and the Redwood Country), with populations also reported from Oregon (Klamath County) and Washington State (Klickitat County). Lipocarpha occidentalis is an annual herb up to 50 cm tall, forming clumps but not rhizomes. Culms are round in cross-section. Leaves are bristly, up to 3 cm long. Inflorescence an egg-shaped cluster of spikes; each spike with 2 scales, each scale subtending a hermaphroditic flower. Achenes are egg-shaped, up to 1 mm long.

Neottia convallarioides is a species of orchid known by the common names broad-lipped twayblade and broad-leaved twayblade. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group, and all species of Listera have been moved to Neottia. Neottia convallarioides is native to much of Canada and in parts of the United States (Alaska, the Great Lakes Region, New England, and the mountains of the West: Rockies, Cascades, Sierra Nevada, etc. ). I also reportedly occurs in St. Pierre & Miquelon and on the Komandor Islands in the Bering Sea, part of the Russian Far East.

Cardinal Flower is an evergreen species native to the Americas, from southeastern Canada through the eastern and southwestern United States, Mexico and Central America to northern Colombia. It tends to grow in very wet areas like stream bottoms, bogs and seeps. It grows to about a meter tall (when in flower) and has bright red flowers. Hummingbirds love it. Cardinal flower is often cultivated for ornamental purposes and has also been used for medicinal purposes.

The plant is very alkaloid and is considered toxic.

Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis var. pseudosplendens) is a native perennial herb that grows in southern and central California. It tends to grow in stream bottoms, at elevations from 1500-5200 feet.

Dunn's Lobelia (Lobelia dunnii) is a native perennial herb that grows in Southern California, primarily in the South Coast Range, the South Coast and Transverse Range regions. It tends to grow in falls and moist cliffs, at elevations from 0-3000 feet.

Dunn's Lobelia (Lobelia dunnii var. serrata) is a native perennial herb that grows in southern and central California. It tends to grow in falls and moist cliffs, at elevations from 0-3000 feet.

Lomatium caruifolium is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name alkali desertparsley. It is endemic to California, where it grows in wet, grassy areas in the northern foothills and plains, such as vernal pools and other temporary and alkaline puddles. It is a perennial herb growing 15 to 45 centimeters tall from a taproot. It generally lacks a stem, producing erect leaves and flower clusters from ground level. The leaves are up to 30 centimeters long and divided into many highly divided leaflets with narrow, pointed lobes. The flower cluster is topped with an umbel of yellowish to purplish flowers.

Alkali Desertparsley (Lomatium caruifolium var. caruifolium) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in adobe clay soils and vernal pools, at elevations from 200-2000 feet.

Lonicera conjugialis is a species of honeysuckle known by the common name purpleflower honeysuckle. It is native to the western United States from Pacific Northwest to the Sierra Nevada, where it grows in many types of mountain habitat, especially moist areas. This is a slender shrub often exceeding 1.5 meters in erect height. The lightly hairy leaves are oval to round and 2 to 8 centimeters long. The flower cluster is generally a pair of flowers nestled in a leaf axil toward the end of a branch. Each flower is maroon red to deep purple in color. It has an upper lip made up of four fused lobes, and a single-lobed lower lip. The protruding stamens are tipped with light-colored anthers. The fruit is a pair of bright red berries which are often fused together in a double-lobed unit.

Twinberry (Lonicera involucrata var. involucrata) is a native shrub that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in moist places, at elevations from 2000-9500 feet.

In California, the two recognized varieties of Lonicera involucrata have different ranges. Var. involucrata has mostly yellow flowers and is found in the Sierra.

Twinberry Honeysuckle (Lonicera involucrata var. ledebourii) is a native shrub that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the North Coast and Central Coast regions. It tends to grow in moist places, at elevations from 0-4900 feet.

Ludwigia palustris is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names marsh seedbox, Hampshire-purslane and water purslane. Its native distribution is unclear, but includes parts of the Americas; it can be found on most continents and spreads easily to become naturalized. It is also cultivated as an aquarium plant. This is an aquatic or semiaquatic perennial herb which grows in moist to wet to flooded areas. It is sometimes a weed. The stem is up to half a meter long and spreads to form mats on the mud, rooting at nodes in contact with the substrate, or floats ascending in the water. The leaves are oppositely arranged and green to red or purple in color. Solitary flowers appear in leaf axils. They are made up of tiny green sepals and no petals. They yield small capsular fruits containing many minute seeds.

Ludwigia repens is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name creeping primrose-willow. It is native to parts of the Americas and it has the potential to spread easily and become naturalized in many areas. It is known as an aquatic weed in some regions. It is also cultivated as an aquarium plant. This is a mat-forming perennial herb with a creeping stem up to 30 centimeters long, rooting at nodes which come in contact with wet substrate. The leaves are oppositely arranged and up to 4 or 5 centimeters long. The flower has four yellow colored petals no more than 3 millimeters long nested on a base of four pointed sepals which may be slightly longer.

Luetkea is a genus of herbaceous plants in the Rosaceae family. One species is accepted. Luetkea pectinata (Partridgefoot or Lutkea) is a mat-forming semi-shrub. It is endemic to the cold portions of western North America occurring in subarctic Alaska, Yukon, western Northwest Territories, and subalpine to alpine regions of British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, northern California and western Montana. The flower cluster of L. pectinata is a dense and erect terminal cluster 10 to 150 millimeter high with several to many short-stalked flowers. The leaves are 7 to 20 millimeter long and two or three times three-dissected. The last segments are linear or lance-shaped. The fruit is a follicle with several seeds.

Broad Leaf Lupine (Lupinus latifolius var. latifolius) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 0-8200 feet.

Lupinus latifolius var. viridifolius (Broadleaf Lupine), sometimes also called Bearded Lupine, occurs in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon. It is a a member of the bean family. This plant enjoys mesic conditions (areas with moderate, balanced moisture), and lives in wet, shady to open, sunny clay banks along streams and on the margins of meadows, within higher elevation conifer woodlands. It occurs between about 3,300 feet to 8,200 feet above sea level, and flowers in spring or summer.

Lupinus polyphyllus is a species in the Fabaceae (Legume) family that is native to a large part of western North America. In California it is found primarily in the Sierras and other northern mountains. It commonly grows along streams and creeks, preferring moist habitats. It is a perennial herbaceous plant with stout stems growing to 1.5 meter tall. The leaves are palmately compound with (5-) 9-17 leaflets 3-15 centimeter long. The flowers are produced on a tall spike, each flower 1-1.5 centimeter long, most commonly blue to purple in wild plants. It is almost always grown from seed.

Burke's Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus var. burkei) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in moist places, at elevations from 4900-9800 feet.

Meadow Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus var. polyphyllus) is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 0-9800 feet.

Lupinus rivularis is a species of lupine known by the common name riverbank lupine. It is native to western North America from southern British Columbia to northern California, where it is known mainly from coastal habitat. This is a robust, erect perennial herb or subshrub growing up to about a meter tall. The mostly hairless stem is thick, hollow, and reddish in color. Each palmate leaf is made up of 5 to 9 wide leaflets 2 to 4 centimeters long. The flower cluster is a raceme of many flowers sometimes arranged in whorls. The flower is light purple in color, often with white parts or shading. The fruit is a somewhat hairy legume pod up to 7 centimeters long which turns dark as it ages.

Luzula comosa is a species of flowering plant in the rush family known by the common name Pacific woodrush. It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to Colorado, where it can be found in moist spots in forests and meadows and many other types of habitat. It is a perennial herb quite variable in appearance, often forming small, narrow grasslike tufts. The erect flower cluster is tipped with a series of clustered spikelike flowers. The dark brown perianth parts open to reveal 6 stamens tipped with large anthers.

Common Woodrush (Luzula multiflora) is a native grass that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-10500 feet.

Luzula orestera, with the common name Sierra woodrush, is a species of flowering plant in the rush family. It is endemic to the High Sierra Nevada of California, where it grows in fellfields, talus, and other habitat in regions of subalpine and alpine climates. Luzula orestera is a perennial herb forming tough clumps of several stiff, erect stems up to about 26 centimeters in maximum height surrounded by many grasslike leaves. The stem and leaves are generally reddish in color. The inflorescence is a triangular cluster of several dark brown flowers tucked between reddish, pointed bracts. Luzula orestera is a perennial herb forming tough clumps of several stiff, erect stems up to about 26 centimeters in maximum height surrounded by many grasslike leaves. The stem and leaves are generally reddish in color. The inflorescence is a triangular cluster of several dark brown flowers tucked between reddish, pointed bracts.

Luzula parviflora is a species of flowering plant in the rush family known by the common name small-flowered woodrush. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, and North America. It grows in moist areas, often in gravelly soils. It occurs at low elevations in colder regions, such as tundra; farther south it is restricted mainly to high mountains. It can grow in highly disturbed habitat, as evidenced by its ability to survive volcanic eruption and to thrive in the destroyed ecosystem on the most barren slopes of Mount St. Helens. It is a perennial herb forming grasslike clumps of several erect stems up to half a meter in maximum height surrounded by many grasslike leaves. The flower cluster is an open array of many clusters of brown flowers on long branches.

Luzula spicata ssp. spicata is a species of flowering plant in the rush family known by the common name spiked woodrush. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northern Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, and North America. It grows in subalpine and alpine climates. It occurs at low elevations in colder regions, such as tundra; farther south it is restricted mainly to high mountains. It is a perennial herb forming grasslike clumps of several erect, reddish stems up to about 33 centimeters in maximum height. The stem is thick and its base is buried several centimeters in the soil where it attaches to the roots. The inflorescence is an array of several clusters of brown bristle-tipped flowers. The surrounding bracts and the sheaths surrounding the leaf bases are lined with hairs.

Luzula subcongesta is a species of flowering plant in the rush family known by the common name Donner woodrush. It is native to the high mountains of California, from the Klamath Mountains, where its distribution extends into Oregon, to the Sierra Nevada, where it may occur just inside Nevada as well. It grows in wet habitat in the subalpine and alpine climates of the high mountain peaks. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming grasslike clumps of several erect stems approaching half a meter in maximum height. The stem is surrounded by tapering leaves with blue-green bases. The inflorescence is a bundle of several clusters of brown flowers.

Lycium brevipes is a species of flowering plant in the Solanaceae (Nightshade) family known by the common name Baja Desert Thorn. It is native to northwestern Mexico and it occurs in California as far as the Sonoran Desert as well as near the coast and on some of the Channel Islands. It grows in the scrub of desert and coastline. It is also used as a southwestern landscaping plant. This is a bushy, spreading shrub approaching a maximum height of 13 feet but usually less, with many long, thorny, tangled branches. The branches are lined with small, fleshy green leaves up to 0.6 inches long and coated with minute hairs. The small cluster consists of tubular flowers roughly a half to 3/4 inches long including the calyx of sepals at the base. The lavender to nearly white corolla is tiny, funnel-shaped and has 2 to 6 lobes at the mouth. The five stamens and one style protrude from the flower. The fruit is a bright red spherical berry about a quarter inch wide containing many seeds. The berries attract birds.

Lycopus americanus, common names Water horehound or American bugleweed, is a member of the genus Lycopus. It blooms in late summer and is found in much of North America. It is reputed to have medicinal properties and has been used as a dye.

Lycopus asper is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name rough bugleweed. It is native to much of North America, where it can be found most often in moist areas, such as the soil near lakes. This is a perennial herb growing from a rhizome with thick, knobby tips. The plant grows erect to around 80 centimeters in maximum height, but is known to reach one meter. Its stem is lined with pairs of toothed leaves with heads of flowers in their axils. The flower is white and a few millimeters in length.

Arctic Starflower (Trientalis europaea) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in northern California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from - feet.

Star Flower (Trientalis latifolia) is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 0-4500 feet.

Lythrum californicum is a species of flowering plant in the loosestrife family known by the common name California loosestrife. It is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States into the Midwest as far east as Oklahoma and Texas. It often grows in moist habitat. This is an erect perennial herb reaching 20 to 60 centimeters tall, sometimes branching. The waxy linear to lance-shaped leaves are arranged oppositely lower on the plant, and alternately toward the top. They are 1 to 7 centimeters in length. The flower cluster is a terminal spike of flowers with purple petals under a centimeter long. Flowers are heterostylous on one individual plant, with some having long, protruding styles and some with shorter styles not protruding from the mouth of the flower. The fruit is an oval capsule containing many minute seeds. This plant resembles its relative, the notorious noxious weed purple loosestrife; California loosestrife is usually not weedy.

Maianthemum dilatatum (Two-leaved Solomon's Seal or False Lily of the Valley) is a common rhizomatous perennial flowering plant in the Ruscaceae Butcher's Broom) family. It is native to western North America from northern California to the Aleutian islands, and Asia across the Kamchatka Peninsula, Japan, and Korea. It grows in coastal temperate rainforests, and is often the dominant groundcover plant in Sitka Spruce forests. The plant produces an erect, unbranched stem up to about 40 centimeters tall. A non-flowering shoot bears one smooth, waxy, shiny leaf up to 10 centimeters long and 5 to 8 broad, hence its scientific name (dilatatum means 'broad'). On plants that are flowering, 2 or 3 leaves are produced oppositely on the stems. The leaf is oval in shape with a heart-shaped base. Although it can be a vigorous spreader where conditions are right (shady and damp), it makes a good groundcover for shady northern gardens.

Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule (Treacleberry, False Solomon's Seal, Solomon's plume or False Spikenard; syn. Smilacina racemosa) is a species of flowering plant in the family Ruscaceae, native to North America. It is a woodland herbaceous perennial plant growing to 50-90 centimeter tall, with alternate, oblong-lance-shaped leaves 7-15 centimeter long and 3-6 centimeter broad. The flowers are produced on a 10-15 centimeter panicle, each flower with six white petals 3-6 millimeter long blooming in late spring. The plants produce green fruits that are round and turn red in late summer.

Maianthemum stellatum (False Solomon's Seal) is a species of flowering plant in the family Ruscaceae, native across North America generally from Alaska to California in the west and from Newfoundland to the central Appalachian Mountains in the east. In California it is found primarily in the Coast Ranges and Sierras. An everchanging seasonal plant with little white buds in the spring, followed by delicate starry flowers, then stripy berries and deep red berries in the fall. It is a woodland herbaceous perennial plant, smaller than its close relative M. racemosum. This is a plant for full shade areas.

Malus fusca (common name: Oregon crabapple or Pacific crabapple) is a species of crabapple. It is native to western North America from Alaska to California, where it grows in coniferous forests. The fruits are small round apple-shaped pomes. The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked, however it has an acidic flavor. The fruit can also be used to make pectin. The bark can be used as a herbal medicine. It is also grown in parks and gardens as an ornamental plant.

Malvella leprosa is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names alkali mallow and alkali sida. It is native to much of the western United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. It is known in parts of Australia as an introduced species. In many regions, whether native there or not, the plant is often a noxious weed and easily invades habitat, including areas with alkaline and saline soils. In California, the plant can be found in agricultural lands, including fields and orchards. This is a decumbent perennial herb producing a white-hairy stem up to about 40 centimeters long, spreading along the ground. The leaves are variable in shape but are generally lobed and wavy along the edges, measuring 1 to 3 centimeters wide. Leaves appear in the leaf axils singly or in clusters of up to 3. Each flower is a cup-shaped corolla of five petals up to 1.5 centimeters long in shades of white or light yellow. The disc-shaped fruit is divided into several segments.

Western Pineappleweed (Chamomilla occidentalis) is a common native annual herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in undisturbed or recently burned alkali flats, at elevations from 0-7900 feet.

Mentha arvensis (Field Mint (/ Pudina in Hindi), Wild Mint or Corn Mint) is a species of mint with a circumboreal distribution. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia, east to the Himalaya and eastern Siberia, and North America. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 10-60 centimeter (rarely to 100 centimeter) tall. The leaves are in opposite pairs, simple, 2-6.5 centimeter long and 1-2 centimeter broad, hairy, and with a coarsely serrated margin. The flowers are pale purple (occasionally white or pink), in clusters on the stem, each flower 3-4 millimeter long.

Mentha canadensis (syn. M. arvensis var. canadensis) is a species of mint. The flowers are bluish or a slight violet tint. The plant is upright about 4 inches to 18 inches tall. Leaves grow opposite from each other, and flower bunches appear at the upper leaf axil. The mint grows in wet areas but not directly in water, so it will be found near sloughs, lake and river edges. Flowers bloom from July to August. The leaves have a distinct peppermint smell when pinched or crushed as the plant contains aromatic oils. Pick leaves at any time during plant growth, and they may be dried. Mint jelly is a popular preparation. To make mint tea, pour boiling water over a scant teaspoon full of dried leaves, or over 1/3 cup fresh leaves. Iced tea is also a treat. Mint leaf candy can also be made. The First nations used mint tea to remedy bad breath or toothache, or to cure hiccups. The mint could also be used for fox or lynx bait. The related species Mentha canadensis is also included in Mentha arvensis by some authors as two varieties, M. arvensis var. glabrata Fernald (in reference to North American plants) and M. arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. ex L. H. Bailey (in reference to eastern Asian plants).

Menyanthes is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the family Menyanthaceae containing the single species Menyanthes trifoliata. The name Menyanthes comes from the Greek words menyein, meaning "disclosing", and anthos, meaning "flower", in reference to the sequential opening of flowers on the flower cluster. Menyanthes trifoliata is characterized by a horizontal rhizome with alternate, trifoliate leaves. The flower cluster is an erect raceme of white flowers.

Mertensia ciliata is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common names tall fringed bluebells, mountain bluebells, and streamside bluebells. It is native to the western United States, in California, Nevada, Utah, and Oregon. It often grows in moist habitat, such as subalpine meadows and creeksides. It often carpets large areas of meadow and hillside with blue-green foliage and sweet-scented bluebell blooms. Mertensia ciliata is a perennial herb producing a cluster of erect stems from a thick, branching caudex. The leafy stems reach well over a meter in maximum height. The veiny leaves are oval to lance-shaped and pointed. The inflorescence is an open array of many clustered blue bell-shaped flowers each between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The hanging, fragrant flower is tubular, expanding into a wider, lobed mouth. The flowers and leaves are edible. Mertensia ciliata is a perennial herb producing a cluster of erect stems from a thick, branching caudex. The leafy stems reach well over a meter in maximum height. The veiny leaves are oval to lance-shaped and pointed. The inflorescence is an open array of many clustered blue bell-shaped flowers each between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The hanging, fragrant flower is tubular, expanding into a wider, lobed mouth. The flowers and leaves are edible.

Micranthes aprica is a species of saxifrage known by the common name Sierra saxifrage. It is native to the high mountains of California, including the Sierra Nevada and the southern Cascade Range, and adjacent slopes in southern Oregon and western Nevada. It grows in mountain habitat in areas of alpine climate, such as meadows and next to streams of snowmelt. It is a perennial herb which spends most of the year in a dormant state in order to save water, and rarely flowers. It produces a small gray-green basal rosette of toothed oval leaves up to about 4 centimeters long. When it does bloom, it sends up an erect inflorescence on a peduncle several centimeters tall topped with a cluster of flowers. Each flower has five sepals, five small white petals, and a clump of whiskery stamens at the center.

Micranthes ferruginea is a species of saxifrage known by the common names russethair saxifrage and rusty saxifrage. It is native to western North America from Alaska and northwestern Canada to northern California to Wyoming, where it can be found in moist, rocky habitat in mountainous areas. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and rhizome system and producing a basal rosette of leaves. Each leaf is up to 6 centimeters long, thick and fleshy with large teeth along the edges. The inflorescence arises on a slender, hairy peduncle up to 40 centimeters tall. Thin branches bear flowers and reproductive bulbils. Each flower has spade-shaped white petals, the upper ones dotted with gold.

Micranthes nidifica is a species of saxifrage known by the common name peak saxifrage. It is native to the northwestern United States, where it grows in moist habitat, often in mountainous areas. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and system of rhizomes and producing a basal rosette of leaves. Each leaf is up to 10 centimeters long with a smooth-edged or minutely toothed blade on a thin petiole. The inflorescence arises on a peduncle up to half a meter tall and bears clusters of flowers with white petals.

Micranthes odontoloma is a species of flowering plant known by the common name brook saxifrage. It is native to much of western North America, where it can be found in many types of moist and rocky habitat types. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and rhizome system. It produces a clump of leaves with rounded, toothed, or scalloped blades on long, thin petioles. The branching inflorescence arises on a slender, erect peduncle up to half a meter tall bearing many flowers. Each flower has five teardrop-shaped white petals with threadlike bases, and stamens with flat, narrow filaments that sometimes resemble additional petals.

Micranthes oregana is a species of flowering plant known by the common name Oregon saxifrage. It is native to western North America, including the mountainous regions of the western United States. It can be found in moist habitat, such as marshes and other wetlands. It is a perennial herb growing from a thick, fleshy or woody caudex. It produces a basal rosette of linear to lance-shaped leaves each up to 25 centimeters long. The inflorescence arises on a stout peduncle which may exceed a meter in height. It is topped with one or more dense clusters of white-petaled flowers.

Mimulus ringens is a species of monkeyflower known by the common names Allegheny monkeyflower and square-stemmed monkeyflower. It is native to eastern and central North America, and there are occurrences in the western United States, some of which may represent introductions. It grows in a wide variety of wet habitat types. This is rhizomatous perennial growing 20 centimeters to well over a meter tall, its 4-angled stem usually erect. The oppositely arranged leaves are lance-shaped to oblong, up to 8 centimeters long, and sometimes joined or nearly so clasping the stem. The herbage is hairless. The flower 2 to 3 centimeters long, its tubular base encapsulated in a ribbed calyx of sepals with pointed lobes. The flower is lavender in color and divided into an upper lip and a larger, swollen lower lip. One variety of this plant, var. colophilus, is rare, ecologically restricted, and vulnerable. It is known from Quebec, it has been reported in Vermont, and there are a few occurrences in Maine, where it grows only in freshwater sections of tidal estuaries. This plant variety faces several threats, but its current status is not known due to a lack of data.

Blitum nuttallianum, (Syn. Monolepis nuttalliana) is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common names povertyweed and Nuttall's povertyweed. It is native to North America, where it is widespread and common from Alaska to Mexico to New England. It can be found in many types of habitat, including disturbed areas, often favoring wet places. It is a fleshy annual herb producing two or more erect, reddish, hairless stems up to about 40 centimeters tall. The thick lance-shaped or arrowhead-shaped leaves are up to 4. 5 centimeters in length. Clusters of several rounded flowers each appear in the leaf axils and yield small fruits about 2 millimeters wide. Many Native American groups used this plant as a medicine and a food.

Montia chamissoi is a species of flowering plant in the purslane family known by the common names of water minerslettuce, water montia, Indian lettuce, and toad lily. It is native to much of western North America from Alaska to the southwestern and central United States and also in British Columbia. It grows in moist to wet soils in a variety of habitat types, such as meadows, wetlands, plains, and montanes (Kershaw et al., 1998). It is sometimes aquatic, anchoring in mud and floating in water. M. chamissoi appears between 7,000 to 9,000 feet in elevation (Brussard, 1982). and are endemic to western North America. Wetlands, montanes, and prairie zones are where M. chamissoi thrive. They occur in the Rocky Mountain region, Pacific Alaska Region, Pacific Region, and even in part of the mid-atlantic and great lakes region. They are also highly prevalent in Canada including Alberta and British Columbia. It can also grow on the dry slopes of the plains and foothills creating a huge distribution. It is found along coastal areas but this is mostly rare (Brussard, 1982). Related Species. Related taxa involves 10 genera in Portulacaceae and 9 species in Montia. A few genera related are spring beauty ( Claytonia L. ), fame flower (Talinum adans. ), and red maids (Calandria kunth). Like M. chamissoi these genera have very large distributions and stamens. Montia fontana and Motia parvifolia are two relating species that involve wide distributions but differ in the fact that the distributions are higher in elevation and take up most of Canada and Greenland.

Brussard noted that there have been failures and success when trying to preserve M. chamissoi due to mining development that has lowered small M. chamissoi populations in the United States (Brussard, 1982). Brussard (1982) observed that a population of M. chamissoi was destroyed by road construction near a ski area and it was also noted that this was the only known population in Gunnison County, Colorado. This led to an increase in Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratories and helped establish the laboratory' claim to undisturbed habitat as a natural resource (Brussard, 1982). It is also a rare plant species in British Columbia and is a candidate species for restoration and preservation. (Rose & Burton, 2011). Even though, M. chamissoi has a very wide distribution it is currently listed on the endangered list in Minnesota and Pennsylvania and is in the progress of restoration