Aralia californica, known by the common name elk clover though not actually a clover, is a large herb in the family Araliaceae, the only member of that family native to California and southwestern Oregon. It is a deciduous herbaceous perennial plant growing to a height of 2-3 meters on stems which are thick but not woody. The stems bear large green pinnate or bipinnate leaves 1-2 meters long and 1 meter broad, the leaflets 15-30 centimeter long and 7-15 centimeter broad. The greenish white flowers are produced in large, ball-shaped compound umbels 30-45 centimeter diameter at the stem tip; each star-shaped flower is 2-3 millimeter diameter, and matures to small (3-5 millimeter) dark purple or black fruit, each berry containing 3-5 seeds. This plant performs best under trees or in other moist, shady areas.

Chamisso Arnica (Arnica chamissonis) is a native perennial herb that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the Warner Mountains, the White and Inyo Mountains and Klamath Mountain Range regions. It is moderately fast growing and short-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 2.5 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are yellow and striking, and bloom in the early summer. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It tends to grow in moist meadows and rocky places, at elevations from 5000-11000 feet.

Arnica amplexicaulis is a species of arnica known by the common name clasping arnica. It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to Wyoming, where it grows in moist areas such as mountain meadows and streambanks. This is a perennial herb usually growing from a small rhizome and producing one or more hairy, hairy stems. The stems are lined with 5 to 10 pairs of oval-shaped, toothed leaves up to 12 centimeters long. The flower cluster is a cluster of several daisylike flower heads with a center of brownish disc florets and a fringe of yellow ray florets 1 to 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a cylindrical achene covered in hairs and with a light brown pappus at one end.

Arnica latifolia is a species of arnica known by the common names Broadleaf Arnica, Broad Leaved Arnica, Mountain Arnica, and Daffodil Leopardbane. It is native to western North America from Alaska to New Mexico, where it grows in mountain habitat such as forest and meadows. This is a perennial herb growing from a long rhizome and producing a hairy, mostly naked stem 10 to 50 centimeters tall. It has a cluster of leaves around its base and usually a few pairs along the lower part of the stem. The leaves are lance-shaped to broad and nearly heart-shaped, and are usually toothed. The flower cluster contains one or more daisylike flower heads lined in hairy phyllaries. Each has a center of yellow disc florets and several yellow ray florets up to 3 centimeters long. The fruit is an achene with a white pappus.

Arnica longifolia is a species of arnica known by the common names longleaf arnica and spearleaf arnica. This flowering perennial is native to the forests western North America from Canada to the high mountains of California. It is a rhizomatous plant forming large bunching patches of groundcover in moist, cool areas. The foliage is rough, mint-green, and sometimes sticky with hairy secretions. The stems are erect and bear daisylike flower heads with deep yellow ray florets and yellow to reddish or orange disc florets. The fruit is a reddish achene with a small pappus.

Arnica mollis is a species of arnica known by the common name hairy arnica. It is native to western North America from Alaska to California to Colorado, where it grows in subalpine mountain habitat such as meadows and streambanks. It is a perennial herb producing one or more hairy, hairy, mostly naked stems 20 to 60 centimeters tall. There are 3 to 5 pairs of leaves along mainly the lower half of the stem, each oblong in shape and 4 to 20 centimeters in length. The flower cluster holds one to a few daisylike flower heads with centers of yellow disc florets and fringes of yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a brownish pappus.

Silver Sagebrush (Artemisia cana) is a native shrub that grows in Central and Northern California, primarily in the High Cascade Range, the Sierra Nevada Foothills and High Sierra Nevada regions. It is moderately fast growing and long-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 5 feet, with active growth during the spring, summer, fall. Flowers are yellow and bloom in the late summer. Leaves are gray-green and deciduous. It tends to grow in meadows and streambanks and gravelly places, at elevations from 5200-10800 feet.

Artemisia cana is a species of sagebrush native to western and central North America, a member of the sunflower family. It known by many common names, including silver sagebrush, sticky sagebrush, silver wormwood, hoary sagebrush, and dwarf sagebrush. Artemisia cana, Silver sagebrush, is an aromatic shrub found in grasslands, floodplains and montane forests. Artemisia cana is native to the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba and the American states of Alaska, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North and South Dakota, Nebraska and Minnesota. The type specimen of Artemisia cana was described informally by its collector, Meriwether Lewis (collected on October 1, 1804, in the vicinity of Centinel Creek in South Dakota, during the epic Lewis and Clark Expedition), in the following passage from Original Journals of Lewis and Clark, edited by Thwaites in 1904 :The type specimen of Artemisia cana was described informally by its collector, Meriwether Lewis (collected on October 1, 1804, in the vicinity of Centinel Creek in South Dakota, during the epic Lewis and Clark Expedition), in the following passage from Original Journals of Lewis and Clark, edited by Thwaites in 1904 :

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden. This selection from Bodega Bay is thought to be a hybrid between A. douglasiana & A. Suksdorfii.

Arthrocnemum subterminale (syn. Salicornia subterminalis) is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common name Parish's glasswort. It is native to California and the northern states of Mexico, where it grows in coastal and inland salt marshes, alkali flats, and other habitat with saline soils. It is a halophyte, capable of growing in substrates with high salt concentrations. It is a perennial herb or subshrub growing in low clumps up to a meter wide, the plants with woody bases branching into fleshy, jointed green stems. The leaves appear as fused rings around stem, the tip of each individual blade narrowing to a point. The inflorescence is a fleshy, sticklike spike of minute flowers, each flower just a pocket made up of the joined sepals; there are no petals.

Aruncus dioicus (goat's beard or bride's feathers) is a plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is a herbaceous plant with alternate, pinnately compound leaves, on thin, stiff stems. The flowers are white, borne in summer. This plant can be found throughout Europe, Asia, and eastern and western North America. In the UK it is considered suitable for planting in and around water areas

Asarum lemmonii is a species of wild ginger which is endemic to California. It is known by the common name Lemmon's wild ginger. It is a spreading plant which forms dense green mats on the ground. The leaves are rich green and heart-shaped. It bears a small cup-shaped flower which is red externally and white inside. The plant grows in moist areas in the High Sierra.

Narrowleaf Milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis) is a flowering perennial best known for the Monarch butterflies it will attract into the garden. Its long, thin pointed leaves give the plant a soft, wispy look. It blooms in summer to fall, with clusters of lavender or pinkish white flowers, each one an interesting button shape. The fruits are smooth pods, which split open to spill seeds along with plentiful silky hairs that may carry the seeds through the air.

This plant grows fast to 3 feet tall and is dormant in winter, often dying back to the ground. It will take full sun but is adaptable to most conditions, being easy to grow in soils with good drainage, even with no summer water. It can self-seed if the seed pods are not removed

This species is probably the single most important host plant for Monarch Butterflies in California, attracting them and hosting their caterpillars. It is crucial to not use any pesticide on or around the plant, because doing so will be fatal to the caterpillars. The plant also provides resources for many beneficial creatures, including native bees. Don't cut the dry stems down too soon as Orioles may use them for nesting.

Grows best in loamy, medium draining soil. Selection from Davis, CA.

Astragalus lentiginosus is a species of legume known by the common names spotted locoweed and freckled milkvetch. It is native to western North America, where it grows in many habitat types. There are a great number of wild varieties of this species, and they vary in appearance. The flower and the fruit of a given individual are generally needed to identify it down to the variety. As a species, Astragalus lentiginosus is distributed throughout the Great Basin of North America, west from the Rocky Mountains to the California Coast Ranges, south to Mexico, and north to British Columbia. The varieties are largely limited to marginal habitats such as disturbed sites in the arid regions of the continent. The group also contains a number of edaphic specialists which occur at desert seeps, which frequently exhibit high levels of calcium carbonate. Astragalus lentiginosus is a perennial or occasionally annual herb with leaves up to 15 centimetres (5. 9 inches) long divided into many pairs of small leaflets. The plant is prostrate to erect in form and quite woolly to nearly hairless. The inflorescence holds up to 50 pea-like flowers which may be purplish or whitish or a mix of both.

Astragalus preussii (common name - Preuss" milkvetch) is an annual or perennial plant in the legume family (Fabaceae) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States. :121Growth pattern. It is an annual or perennial plant from 4 to 15 inches (10 to 38 cm) tall, growing upright from a woody base. :121Leaves and stems. It has compound pinnate leaves from 1 1-2 to 15 inches (3. 8 to 38. 1 cm) long, with 7-25 3-4 inch (1. 9 cm), elliptic leaflets. :121Inflorescence and fruit. It blooms from March to June. :121 The inflorescence has 3-22 flowers per stalk, with a small, green, 5-lobed calyx around a tublular set of white to pink to purple petals, 3-4 inch (1. 9 cm) long. :121 When dried, 3-4 inch (1. 9 cm) seed pods are papery or leathery, elliptical, and are either smooth or covered with soft hairs. :121Habitat and range. It only grows in soils containing Selenium. :121Ecological and human interactions. It is named after Charles Preuss. :121

Astragalus pycnostachyus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name marsh milkvetch. It is endemic to the coastline of California, where it grows in wet saline habitat such as marshes. The marsh milkvetch is a perennial herb forming a thick erect clump of hollow, woolly stems 40 to 90 centimeters tall. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and are made up of many narrow oval-shaped leaflets. The inflorescence is a cluster of many whitish to greenish flowers each up to a centimeter in length. The fruit is an inflated, papery legume pod with a small hooked beak at the tip. Varieties: The species has two named Varieties: Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus - Ventura marsh milkvetch, now endemic to the Oxnard Plain in Ventura County, with only one population within Oxnard. The single extant population of this rare plant variety is now fenced and protected. The variety is treated as an endangered species on the federal level. Threats to its existence include near-total loss of habitat, infestation by weevils, cucumber mosaic virus infection, competition from non-native plants such as ice plant, and herbivory by the milk snail Otala lactea. Astragalus pycnostachyus var. pycnostachyus - marsh milk vetch, primarily found in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Astragalus tener is a species of milkvetch known by the common name alkali milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it grows in both coastal and inland areas such as the Central Valley, especially in moist places. This is an annual herb producing upright stems up to 30 centimeters tall. The leaves are up to nine centimeters in length and made up of several lance-shaped to oval leaflets. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of pinkish-purple white-smudged flowers. The fruit is a narrow legume pod up to five centimeters long and usually containing two smooth seeds. Varieties: There are three varieties of this species. One, the coastal dunes milkvetch, Astragalus tener var. titi, is a rare plant treated as an endangered species on the federal level. It is probably now limited to coastal Monterey County, having been extirpated from its previous range in southern California. An example occurrence of Astragalus tener is within the two extant forests of Monterey Cypress, Cupressus Macrocarpus, in Monterey County, California.

Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern or Common Lady-fern) is a large, feathery species of fern native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, where it is often abundant (one of the more common ferns) in damp, shady woodland environments and is often grown for decoration. The plant is caespitose (the fronds arising from a central point as a clump rather than along a rhizome). The fronds are light yellow-green, 20-90 centimeter long and 5-25 centimeter broad; they are deciduous. Sori appear as dots on the underside of the frond, 1-6 per pinnule. They are covered by a prominently whitish to brown reniform (kidney-shaped) indusium. Fronds are very dissected, being 3-pinnate. The stripe may bear long, pale brown, papery scales at the base.

Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum) is a native fern that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow at elevations from 4000-8000 feet.

Atriplex argentea is a species of saltbush known by the common names silverscale saltbush and silver orache. It is native to western North America from southern Canada to northern Mexico, where it grows in many types of habitat, generally on saline soils. This is an annual herb producing branching stems which spread out low to the ground or reach erect to maximum heights approaching 80 centimeters. The leaves are triangular to roughly oval in shape and 1 to 4 centimeters long. The stems and leaves are coated in gray scales. The flower clusters are rough clusters of tiny flowers, with male and female flowers in separate clusters.

Silverscale (Atriplex argentea var. expansa) is a native annual herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in saline areas, at elevations from 0-3300 feet.

Atriplex canescens (Chamiso, Chamiza, Four wing saltbush, Four-wing saltbush, Fourwing saltbush) is a species of evergreen shrub in the Amaranthaceae family, which is native to the western United States. Fourwing saltbush has a highly variable form, and readily hybridizes with several other species in the Atriplex genus. The degree of polyploidy also results in variations in form. Its height can vary from 1 foot to 10 feet, but 2 to 4 feet is most common. The leaves are thin and 0.5 to 2 inches long. It is most readily identified by its fruits, which have four wings at roughly 90 degree angles and are densely packed on long stems. The fruit stem resembles a mass of corn flakes.

Atriplex canscens is a great bird plant. Best to plant in dry salty soils. Susceptible to root rot unless drought or salt stressed.

Atriplex cordulata is a species of saltbush known by the common names heartscale and heart-leaf orache. It is endemic to the Central Valley and its San Joaquin Valley of California, where it grows in areas of saline and alkaline soils. Heart-leaf orache is an annual herb producing one or more erect stems to heights between 10 and 50 centimeters. The branches are scaly gray and have woolly fibers toward the ends. The gray scaly leaves are no bigger than 1. 5 centimeters long and most have heart-shaped bases. Heart-leaf orache is an annual herb producing one or more erect stems to heights between 10 and 50 centimeters. The branches are scaly gray and have woolly fibers toward the ends. The gray scaly leaves are no bigger than 1. 5 centimeters long and most have heart-shaped bases. The plant has male and female inflorescences which are small hard clusters of flowers. The reddish brown seeds are about 2 millimeters wide.

Atriplex coronata is a species of saltbush known by the common name crownscale. It is endemic to California. The halophyte plant grows in areas of saline and alkaline soils in the Central Valley and nearby slopes of the Inner California Coast Ranges in Central California; and the South Coast region of Southern California. Atriplex coronata is an annual herb producing stiff erect or leaning straw-colored stems up to about 30 centimeters tall. The gray scaly leaves are one or two centimeters long. The flowers are generally oval shaped. The seeds are just over a millimeter long. Varieties: There are two or three varieties of this species. They include:Atriplex coronata var. notatior - San Jacinto Valley crownscale, limited to the San Jacinto River valley in western Riverside County. It is as an endangered species since being listed on the federal level in 1998.

Atriplex fruticulosa is a species of saltbush known by the common names ball saltbush and little oak orach. It is endemic to California, where it grows in several types of habitat, usually in areas of saline or alkaline soils.

Sickle Saltbush (Atriplex gardneri var. falcata) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in Central and Northern California, primarily in the Warner Mountains and Modoc Plateau regions. It tends to grow in open and alkaline soils and , at elevations from 3900-5600 feet.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected for the garden.

Big Saltbush (Atriplex lentiformis ssp. lentiformis) is a native shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in alkaline or saline washes and dry lakes, at elevations from 0-4900 feet.

Atriplex leucophylla is a species of saltbush known by the common names beach saltbush and white orache. It is native to the coastline of California and Baja California, where it is a resident of beach dunes and other sandy areas. This is a short, sprawling perennial herb reaching a maximum height near 30 centimeters. The branching stems grow along the ground or slightly upright and may be up to a meter long. The plentiful leaves are oval in shape and are 1 to 4 centimeters long. The foliage and sometimes the stems are rough with whitish scaly surfaces. The plants are monoecious, with individuals producing male and female flowers. The staminate (male) flowers grow in rounded clusters and lack leafs. The pistillate (female) flowers are oval or round ovaries surrounded by spongy leafs. They develop into fruits containing small seeds.

Atriplex parryi is a species of saltbush known by the common name Parry's saltbush. It is native to the deserts and plateaus of eastern California and western Nevada. It is a plant of alkaline and saline soils in habitats such as salt flats, where it grows with other halophytes such as Nitrophila. This is a small, stiff, spiny shrub growing to a maximum height near 50 centimeters. Its scaly, sharp-pointed stems tangle to give the plant a generally rounded form. It is covered densely in small gray-green oval-shaped leaves up to 2 centimeters long. The shrub is dioecious, with individuals producing either male or female flowers. Both flower types are borne in long clusters interspersed with leaves. This species blooms from May to August.

Atriplex patula L. (Spear Saltbush; Common Orache; Spear Orach; Spreading Orach) is a ruderal, circumboreal species of annual herbaceous plants in the genus Atriplex naturalized in many temperate regions. Atriplex patula appears to have been a rather recent introduction in North America from Eurasia, not arriving perhaps until sometime in the early to mid-eighteenth century.

Atriplex polycarpa (Allscale, Cattle spinach, Allscale saltbush, Cattle saltbush) is a plant in the Amaranthaceae family. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Atriplex serenana is a species of saltbush known by the common names leafscale and stinking orach. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in saline and alkaline soils such as those on alkali flats and beach bluffs. This is a mat-forming annual herb producing scaly stems up to a meter long. The toothed leaves are 1 to 4 centimeters long. The flowers are generally borne in hard clusters along the stem and there is sometimes a spikelike flower cluster of male flowers at the end of the stem. There are two varieties of this species. The rarer of the two, Davidson's saltscale (var. davidsonii), is limited to the coastline of southern California and Baja California.

Atriplex spinifera is a species of saltbush known by the common names spiny saltbush and spinescale saltbush. It is endemic to California, where it grows in dry habitat with saline soils, such as salt flats. Its distribution includes the Mojave Desert, the Central Valley, and surrounding mountain ranges. This is a grayish or whitish brambly shrub with erect branching stems growing to a maximum height near 2 meters. The tangled branches are stiff and tipped with spiny points. The leaves are oval in shape and less than 3 centimeters in length. The shrub is dioecious, with male and female individuals. The male flowers are small clusters in the leaf axils. The female flowers are solitary or borne in small clusters, and are enclosed in scaly leafs which become spherical as the fruit grows within.

Atriplex truncata is a species of saltbush known by the common names wedgeleaf saltbush, wedgescale, and wedge orach, native to western North America from British Columbia to California and to New Mexico. It grows in montane to desert habitats with saline soils, such as dry lake beds. Atriplex truncata is an annual herb producing erect, angled stems which can be higher than 70 centimeters. Leaves are 1 to 4 centimeters long and wedge-shaped. The stems and herbage are generally very scaly and scurfy. Male and female flowers are produced in small clusters in the leaf axils. Atriplex truncata is an annual herb producing erect, angled stems which can be higher than 70 centimeters. Leaves are 1 to 4 centimeters long and wedge-shaped. The stems and herbage are generally very scaly and scurfy. Male and female flowers are produced in small clusters in the leaf axils.

Atriplex watsonii is a species of saltbush known by the common name Watson's saltbush, or Watson's orach. It is native to the coastline of California and Baja California, where it grows in areas with saline soils, such as salt marshes and beach scrub, with other salt-tolerant plants such as saltgrass. This is a gray-green to whitish perennial herb with tangled slender stems under a meter in length. It grows in mats up to 3 meters wide. The thick, fleshy, crusty leaves are up to 2.5 centimeters long and generally oval in shape. The plant is dioecious, with individuals bearing either male or female flowers. The male flowers grow in clusters or long spikes, and the female flowers can be found in small clusters in the leaf axils.

Azolla filiculoides (Water Fern) is a species of Azolla, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Americas as well as most of the old world including Asia and Australia. It is a floating aquatic fern, with very fast growth, capable of spreading over lake surfaces to give complete coverage of the water in only a few months. Each individual plant is 1-2 centimeter across, green tinged pink, orange or red at the edges, branching freely, and breaking into smaller sections as it grows. It is not tolerant of cold temperatures, and in temperate regions it largely dies back in winter, surviving by means of submerged buds. Like other species of Azolla, it can fix nitrogen from the air.

Baccharis douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names saltmarsh baccharis and Douglas' baccharis. It is native to California, where it grows in wet places such as salt marshes. Its range may extend into Oregon. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing to heights between one and two meters. The lance-shaped leaves are up to about 12 centimeters long and have short winged petioles. The foliage and flower clusters are resinous and sticky. The plants are dioecious, with male plants producing clusters of up to 40 whitish staminate flowers and female plants bearing bunches of up to 150 fluffy whitish pistillate flowers with a hairlike pappus attached to each developing fruit.

Baccharis emoryi is a species in the Asteraceae (Sunflower) family known by the common name Emory's Baccharis. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in sandy, moist habitat such as riverbanks or alkali marsh, but also occasionally in more xeric areas. In California it is found in the southern half of the state. This is a shrub producing erect, branching stems approaching three meters in maximum height. The thick leaves are oblong to oval in shape and sometimes have roughly toothed edges. They may be up to 7 centimeters long. The shrub is dioecious, with male and female plants producing flower heads of different types. The head is enclosed in a layer of phyllaries and the female flowers yield fruits, each an achene with a white pappus about a centimeter long. The foliage and flower heads are hairy and sticky. This species is very similar to its relatives, Baccharis pilularis and Baccharis salicifolia. It's a good choice for a bioswale, edge of a pond, alkaline soil patches, or where rapid growth is desired and its tendency to spread can be accommodated.

Baccharis sarothroides is a species of flowering shrub known by the common names broom baccharis and desert broom. It grows up to 12 feet tall and up to 6 feet wide. The leaves are small and thick, and tends to stay bright green through the year in the foothills and areas with around 15" of rainfall per year. The plant goes summer deciduous and loses its leaves in the drier desert regions. It flowers abundantly in the summer, often completely covered with white or cream covered puffy flowers. This plant is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, growing in coastal sage scrub and inland scrub plant communities, usually in dry canyons and plains below 1000 feet. In California it is limited to the southern part of the state. It is a useful plant for a screen, slope stabilization or filling in large empty areas. The voluminous seeds may be considered a nuisance.

Bacopa eisenii is a species of water hyssop known by the common name Gila River water hyssop. It is native to California and Nevada, where it grows in wet habitat such as rice paddies and muddy river banks. This aquatic plant has rounded or oval leaves 1 to 3 centimeters long with several longitudinal veins. The flower appears on a stout pedicel; it is white with a bright golden throat. The fruit is a capsule containing many seeds.

Barbarea orthoceras is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name American yellowrocket. It is native to North America, including much of Canada and the western United States, as well as parts of Asia. It grows in moist areas such as meadows and riverbanks, particularly in the drier parts of it's range. This is a perennial herb producing a stiff, branching stem to heights between 10 and 60 centimeters. The leaves are a few centimeters long and generally oval in shape with several rounded lobes toward the end. The flower cluster is a spike or cluster of bright yellow flowers at the tip of each stem branch. The fruit is a straight, narrow silique up to 5 centimeters long.

Saltwort (Batis maritima) is a native shrub that grows in Southern California, primarily in the South Coast region. It is moderately fast growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in a rounded form to a height of 1-4 ft., with active growth during the spring. Flowers are green and bloom in the late spring. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It tends to grow in salt marshes, at elevations from 0-100 feet.

Beckmannia syzigachne (American sloughgrass, slough grass) is a annual or short lived perennial in the Poaceae (grass) family found in shallow marshes or sloughs. This species is adapted to the northern United States, southern Canada and part of east Asia. It is one of only two species in the Beckmannia genus; the other being Beckmannia eruciformis.

Bensoniella is a monotypic genus of plants in the saxifrage family containing the single species Bensoniella oregona (also, B. oregana), which is known by the common name Oregon bensoniella, or simply bensoniella. This plant is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon. This is a plant of the wet forest understory and meadows above 1000 meters in elevation. It is a perennial herb which grows from a rhizome and bears rounded to heart-shaped lobed leaves with woolly petioles and tall, thin racemes of flowers. Each flower is white with bright yellow-pink anthers. The plant produces capsules of abundant seeds but also reproduces vegetatively. When it does reproduce sexually, it often self-pollinates. Bensoniella not endangered but it is a species of some concern for several reasons, including lack of genetic diversity in part due to its habit of self-pollination and asexual reproduction, its relatively narrow tolerance of habitats, its small range of distribution, habitat destruction due to logging, grazing, and road-building, and erosion. The plant was first discovered and named by Lilla Leach.

Bergia texana is a species of flowering plant in the waterwort family known by the common name Texas bergia. It is native to the western and central United States and northern Mexico, where it is a plant of wetlands, living in mud and moist soils along the edges of rivers and pools. This is an annual or perennial herb producing a branching, glandular, hairy stem which grows upright or trailing up to 30 centimeters long. The leaves are 2 to 4 centimeters long, mainly oval in shape and pointed, and lightly toothed along the edges. The inflorescences appear at the tips of stem branches and in the leaf axils, bearing single flowers or small clusters. Each small flower has five green sepals and five greenish white petals. Some of the flowers open, while others are cleistogamous, remaining closed and self-pollinating. The fruit is an oval capsule with many seeds in each of its five chambers.

Berula erecta, known as lesser water-parsnip or cutleaf waterparsnip, is a member of the carrot family. Growing to around 1 m (3 ft) tall, it is found in or by water. It is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. Berula erecta is an herb sometimes reaching up to 100 cm (40 inches) in height. Stem is hollow. Underwater leaves consist of compound with thread-like lobes; leaves above the surface of the water and flatter and broader. The plant produces many small white flowers in a compound umbel.

Betula glandulosa, American Dwarf Birch, also known as Resin Birch or Shrub Birch, is a species of birch native to North America, occurring in arctic and cool temperate areas from Alaska east to Newfoundland and southern Greenland, and south at high altitudes to northern California and Colorado in the west, and locally south to northern New York in the east. In the Arctic it occurs down to sea level, while in the south of the range, it grows as high as 3400 meter altitude. In Mid October 2007 a thicket of this plant was observed in flower in the foothills behind Palo Alto, California amidst Oaks, Bay Laurel and Manzanita. American Dwarf Birch is a multi-stemmed shrub typically growing to 1-3 meter tall, often forming dense thickets. The trunks are slender, rarely over 5-10 centimeter diameter, with smooth, dark brown bark. The leaves are nearly circular to oval, 0.5-3 centimeter long and 1.2.5 centimeter broad, with a toothed margin. The fruiting catkins are erect, 1-2.5 centimeter long and 5-12 millimeter broad.

Betula occidentalis (Water Birch) is a species in the Betulaceae family native to western North America. In California its distribution is somewhat patchy, being found in the southern Sierras, Siskiyu and Modoc counties. It typically occurs along streams in mountainous regions from 2,000 ft. to over 11,000 ft. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 10 meter high, usually with multiple trunks. The bark is dark red-brown to blackish, and smooth but not exfoliating. The twigs are smooth or thinly hairy and have prominent resinous glands but are odorless when scraped. The leaves are alternate, ovate to rhombic, 1-7 centimeter long and 1-4.5 centimeter broad, with a serrated margin and two to six pairs of veins, and a short petiole up to 1.5 centimeter long. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins 2-4 centimeter long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The fruit is 2-3 centimeter long and 8-15 millimeter broad, composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin leafs. It is amenable to garden conditions and can be used outside its range in the wild. It has good fall color especially where fall weather is colder.

Bidens cernua is a plant species in the sunflower family, widespread across much of Eurasia and North America. It is commonly called nodding beggarticks or nodding bur-marigold,Bidens cernua sometimes grows as high as 400 cm (160 inches) tall in favorable conditions. The leaves are sessile with coarsely-toothed margins. The name "cernua" means "nodding," or "hanging . " This refers to the fact that the flower heads are sometimes oriented horizontally or downwards. The plant does best in wet habitats such as swamps, marshes, and flood plains.

Bidens frondosa is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family, sunflower family. It is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and Mexico It is known in many other parts of the world as an introduced species, including Europe, Asia, Morocco, and New Zealand. Its many common names include devil's beggarticks, devil's-pitchfork, devil's bootjack, sticktights, bur marigold, pitchfork weed, tickseed sunflower, leafy beggarticks, and common beggar-ticks. Bidens frondosa is annual herb is usually about 20 to 60 (8-20 inches) centimeters tall, but it can reach 1. 8 meters (72 inches or 6 feet) at times. The stems are square in cross-section and may branch near the top. The leaves are pinnate, divided into a few toothed triangular or lance-shaped leaflets usually up to 6 or 8 centimeters long, sometimes up to 12. The inflorescence is often a solitary flower head, but there may be pairs or arrays of several heads. The head contains many orange disc florets. It often lacks ray florets but some heads have a few small yellow rays. The fruit is a flat black or brown barbed cypsela up to a centimeter long which has two obvious hornlike pappi at one end. The barbed pappi on the fruit help it stick to animals, facilitating seed dispersal. Ecology. The defoliating caterpillar of Hadjina chinensis, which is limited to Bidens species, has been observed on this plant. Invasive species. This plant is invasive in some parts of the world. In New Zealand it is classed as an environmental weed by the Department of It is also weedy in its native range, occurring in pastures and fields and along roadsides.

Bidens laevis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names bur-marigold and smooth beggarticks. It is native to the southern half of the United States, where it grows in wetlands, including estuaries and riverbanks. It is similar in appearance to its relative Bidens cernua and the two are sometimes confused. This is an annual or perennial herb growing over 20 centimeters tall and sometimes much taller, exceeding one meter in height and sometimes approaching two. The narrow lance-shaped leaves are 5 to 15 centimeters long, with finely toothed edges and pointed tips. The flower cluster bears one or more flower heads which bend down as they become heavy with fruit after flowering. Each head has a center of yellow disc florets and a fringe of 7 or 8 yellow ray florets each up to 3 centimeters long. The fruit is a sharply barbed achene.

Polygonum bistortoides (American bistort, western bistort or smokeweed), syn. Bistorta bistortoides, is a perennial herb in the genus Polygonum. It is distributed throughout the Mountain West in North America from Alaska and British Columbia south into California and east into the Rocky Mountains. The plant grows from montane foothills to above the timberline, although plants growing above 7,500 feet are smaller and seldom reach more than 12 inches in height. Plants in other areas may reach over half a meter tall. The leaves are leathery and up to 40 centimeters long, and are mostly basal on the stem. The dense cylindrical to oblong flower cluster is packed with small white to pinkish flowers, each a few millimeters wide and with protruding stamens. American bistort was an important food plant used by American Indians living in the Mountain West, and the roots are edible either raw or fire-roasted with a flavor resembling chestnuts. The seeds can be dried and ground into flour and used to make bread. They were also roasted and eaten as a cracked grain.