Downingia bacigalupii is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Bach's calicoflower. This showy wildflower is native to the western United States from California to Idaho, where it is a resident of moist meadows and vernal pool ecosystems. This annual grows on a branching erect stem with small diamond-shaped leaves at intervals. At the top of each stem branch is one or more flowers, each between one and two centimeters wide. The flower has two long upper lobes which may be flat and straight or curl back, and are usually dark-veined blue. The three lower lobes are fused into one three-toothed surface, which is dark-veined blue with two bright yellow blotches rimmed with white in the center. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule two to five centimeters long. The stamens are fused together into an erect purple stalk bearing the dark anthers.

Downingia bella, also known as Hoover's calicoflower or Hoover's Downingia, is a member of the Bellflower Family (Campanulaceae). The genus is named after A. J. Downing (1815-1852) a noted American horticulturist and landscape architect. This native annual herb is endemic to California and found in valley grassland communities. Its habitat is wetlands, generally vernal pools between 4600 and 5250 feet (1400 to 1600m). As approximately 90% of vernal pools in California have been lost, D. bella is uncommon. The range of D. bella is scattered from locations in Riverside County to areas in the Great Central Valley. Like all Downingia, the stem is decumbent to erect with leaves that are along the stem and often fall before the plant flowers. The flowers are sessile and in a spike inflorescence with individual flowers having a corolla length of 10 to 12 mm. The corolla is glabrous and has 2 distinct lips, the upper with 2 lobes and lower with 3 lobes. The upper lobes are narrowly triangular or elliptic in shape while the lower lobes are obtuse and abruptly toothed. The corolla is blue with the lower lip having a central white field which then has two yellow spots (can be joined) in its middle. At the throat D. bella has 2 raised nipples that generally have 3 alternating purple spots. The 5 fused stamens have anthers that are included in the corolla tube and are angled less than 45 degrees to filaments. The inferior ovary is pedicel-like and is 2 chambered. The fruits of D. bella are between 16 to 18 mm with tough lateral walls that are tardily dehiscent despite no noticeable translucent lines. The seeds within the fruit are longitudinally striate. Some areas in northern Sutter County have D. bella with a minute corolla horn similar to D. ornatissima. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Downingia bella.

Downingia bicornuta is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name doublehorn calicoflower. This showy wildflower is native to the western United States from California to Idaho, where it is a resident of lakesides and vernal pool ecosystems. This annual grows on a branching erect stem with small leaves at intervals. At the top of each stem branch is one or more flowers, each between one and two centimeters wide. The flower has two long, narrow, pointed upper lobes which may be blue or purple. The three lower lobes are fused into one three-lobed surface, which is blue or purple with two bright yellow blotches rimmed with white in the center. The mouth of the flower tube is surrounded by knobby projections of the sepals. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule three to seven centimeters long.

Downingia concolor is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names maroonspot calicoflower and fringed downingia. This showy wildflower is endemic to California, where it is a resident of ponds and vernal pool ecosystems in the northern part of the state. This annual grows on a branching erect stem with small leaves at intervals. At the top of each stem branch is one or more flowers, each about a centimeter wide. The tubular flower has two long, narrow, pointed upper lobes which may be blue or purple. The three lower lobes are fused into one three-lobed surface, which is blue or purple with a large blotch of white in the center and blotches of maroon toward the mouth of the tube. There may also be speckles of yellow.

Downingia cuspidata is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name toothed calicoflower. This showy wildflower is native to California, where it is a resident of ponds, meadows, and vernal pool ecosystems throughout the state. Its range may extend into Mexico. This annual grows on a branching erect stem with small leaves at intervals. At the top of each stem branch is one or more flowers, each about a centimeter wide. The tubular flower has two long, narrow, pointed upper lobes which may be blue or purple to nearly white. The lower lip is fused into one three-lobed surface, which is blue, purple, or white with a large blotch or two smaller blotches of yellow in the center, outlined in white. Each lobe may have a toothlike point.

Downingia elegans is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names elegant calicoflower and Californian lobelia. This showy wildflower is native to western North America from California to British Columbia, where it is a resident of meadows and vernal pool ecosystems. This annual grows on a branching erect stem with many pointed leaves. At the top of each stem branch is one or more flowers, each one half to two centimeters wide. The tubular flower has two long, narrow, pointed upper lobes which are generally rich purple. The lower lip is fused into one three-lobed surface, which is purple with a large blotch of white in the center. The lobes may be quite pointed. There is sometimes some yellow coloration near the mouth of the tube.

Downingia insignis is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names harlequin calicoflower and cupped downingia. This showy wildflower is native to the western United States from California to Idaho, where it is a resident of lakesides and vernal pool ecosystems. This annual grows on a branching erect stem with small, pointed leaves at intervals. At the top of each stem branch is one or more flowers, each one to one and a half centimeters wide. The upper lip is made up of two narrow, pointed lobes which are purple or blue with prominent dark veining. The lower lip is the same veined color with a central blotch of white. In the white area are two yellow spots, which are raised into nipplelike projections, and sometimes spots of darker purple near the mouth of the tube. The lower lip is divided into three lobes which may be pointed or rounded. The fruit is a capsule four to eight centimeters long. The stamens are fused into an erect stalk holding a light-colored anther.

Downingia montana is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Sierra calicoflower. This showy wildflower is native to California, where it lives in the meadows and pine forests of the high mountains. Its range may extend into Oregon. This annual grows an erect stem, which may branch or not, with a few sparse small, pointed leaves. Atop the stem is usually one tubular flower. The upper lip is made up of two narrow, pointed lobes usually a shade of lavender, and the lower lip is the same color, with a central field of white and two prominent projections which may be colored yellow and dark purple. The lower lip has three lobes, each of which may have a tooth. The fruit is a capsule one to four centimeters long.

Downingia ornatissima is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name folded calicoflower. This showy wildflower is endemic to California, where it is a resident of vernal pools and other wet places in the Central Valley. This annual grows an erect, branching stem with usually one tubular flower at the top of each branch. The flower has an upper lip made up of two narrow, pointed lobes in shades of light purple, and a lower lip made up of three lobes fused into one surface, which is the same color as the upper lip and has a central field of white with two prominent yellow projections. The flower is similar to those of other downingias, except it is lightly crinkled, with the upper lobes often curled back and the edges of the lower lobes uneven. The dark blue anther just emerges from where it is tucked between the upper lobes.

Downingia pulchella is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names flatface calicoflower and valley calicoflower. This showy wildflower is endemic to California, where it is a resident of vernal pools and other wet places in the central part of the state from the Tehachapi Mountains to the San Francisco Bay Area. This annual produces an erect, branching stem which has usually one tubular flower at the top of each branch. The upper lip of the flower is made up of two narrow, pointed lobes which usually stick straight out and are lavender or white. The lower lip is the same color and made up of three fused lobes, each of which may have a tooth. In the center of the lower lip is a large white area with two bright yellow spots and smaller dark purple spots near the mouth of the tube. A large anther sticks out of the mouth of the flower on a stalk of fused stamens. The flower is one to two centimeters wide. The fruit is a capsule three to seven centimeters long.

Draba albertina is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known as slender draba or slender whitlow-grass. This plant is native to western North America, where it grows at high elevations from Arizona to Alaska and northern Canada. Like many species of Draba, it can grow in alpine and Arctic climates. This is a biennial or short-lived perennial with a single stem or several branching stems which may be very short or up to 40 centimeters in height. The appearance of the plant varies depending on the climate it endures. The leaves are up to 4 centimeters long, roughly hairy, and mostly basal. The stem bears an inflorescence of up to about 30 small yellow flowers. The fruit is a silique up to two centimeters long.

Drosera rotundifolia - the round-leaved sundew or common sundew - is a species of sundew, a carnivorous plant often found in bogs, marshes and fens. One of the most widespread sundew species, it has a circumboreal distribution, being found in all of northern Europe, much of Siberia, large parts of northern North America, Korea and Japan but is also found as far south as California, Mississippi and Alabama in the United States of America and on New Guinea. D. rotundifolia is one of the temperate species of Drosera cultivated by growers interested in carnivorous plants. To be grown successfully, plants of the wild species must be given a substantial period of winter dormancy during which they form hibernacula. The cultivar D. rotundifolia 'Charles Darwin' can be grown more successfully without a period of dormancy.

Sticky Cinquefoil (Drymocallis glandulosa) is a common native perennial herb in the Rosaceae (Rose) family. It is found in most part of the state except the deserts and central valley. It is moderately fast growing and moderately long-lived. It resembles a strawberry plant, and they are related. It grows in an upright form to a height of 1.5 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. It forms clumps or tufts much like strawberry plants. It may have rhizomes. The stalk has numerous sticky, glandular hairs near the base, leading to the common name. Flowers are small, white with yellow centers and striking, blooming in the late spring through summer. Part of its garden appeal is its long blooming season. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It grows at elevations from sea level to 12,500 feet.

Sticky Cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa ssp. glandulosa) is a common native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-3900 feet.

Sticky Cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa ssp. pseudorupestris) is a common native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow at elevations from 7900-12500 feet.

Dryopteris expansa, alpine buckler fern or spreading wood fern, is a species of fern native to cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south at high altitudes in mountains to Spain and Greece in southern Europe, to Japan in eastern Asia, and to central California in North America. The species was first described from Germany. It prefers cool, moist mixed or evergreen forests and rock crevices on alpine slopes, often growing on rotting logs and tree stumps and rocky slopes. It is characteristically riparian in nature, and is especially associated with stream banks. It has a stout, woody, creeping or ascending stock with large, green lacy fronds 10-60 centimeter (rarely 90 centimeter) long. The deltate fronds are bipinnate at the base, pinnate toward the tip. The rhizome is erect or ascending, often producing offshoots. sori occur medially on the underside of the pinnae. Propagation is by spores and vegetatively by division of the rhizome.

Dudleya variegata is a succulent plant known by the common name variegated liveforever. It is native to Baja California and adjacent San Diego County, California, where it grows in several habitat types, including chaparral and vernal pools. It is a fleshy perennial forming a small basal cluster of leaves around a small stem. The thick leaves are spoon-shaped to oblong to spherical or globular. The flower cluster is a mostly erect, branching stem up to 20 centimeters tall splitting into branches nearly as long. Each branch bears several flowers with fleshy triangular sepals and longer yellow petals.

Dulichium is a monotypic genus of sedge containing the single species Dulichium arundinaceum, which is known by the common name threeway sedge. This is an aquatic or semi-aquatic plant of the lakes, streams, and ponds of North America. It has a wide distribution, covering much of the continent. It has a thick rhizome system and grows to heights approaching a meter. It is reminiscent of bamboo in appearance when new, growing bright green erect stalks in large, grassy stands. The leaves sheath the stems, and the flower cluster grows from the leaf axilla. The spikelets are generally lance-shaped and one to three centimeters long when ripe.

Echinochloa muricata is a species of grass known by the common names rough barnyard grass and American barnyard grass. It is native to Eurasia and much of North America. It is an annual grass growing one half to one meter in height.

Echinodorus berteroi (upright burhead or cellophane sword) is an aquatic plant species in the Alismataceae It is native to the southern and central parts of the United States, as well as Central America, the West Indies, and South America as far south as Argentina. Submersed leaves often modified into phyllodes, 10 - 45 cm long x 0. 5 - 4 cm wide, linear to narrowly elliptical, of very variable shape and size, light-green, membraneously transparent, network between the veins often lighter or darker, thus the submersed leaves often appearing mosaic-like coloured. Emerse leaves long-petioled, 5 - 55 cm long, blades light-green, cordate, 5 - 12 cm long x 3 - 5 cm wide, in terrestrial dwarf forms the blades are ovate, truncate at the base, 2 - 5 cm long x 1 - 2 cm wide. In the blades there are very clear pellucid lines 1 - 5 mm (exceptionally up to 11 mm) long. Stem upright, inflorescence compound, branched in lower whorls. In terrestrial forms stem only 6 - 10 cm long. Corolla white, about 1. 5 cm in diameter, stamens 12, achenes numerous in echinate head, nutlets grey-brown, 2. 5 - 3. 5 mm long x 1 - 1. 3 mm wide, broadly keeled, with 2 winged ribs alternating with 3 non-winged ribs; facial gland single, close to the beak, indistinct or quite absent. Mature specimens may have between 10 - 30 leaves. most of them differing in shape and size. Prefers a larger tank with a deep, rich substrate and good light. It is easy to grow but will soon outgrow the average aquarium. Can be divided, or in submerse plants, adventitious plantlets will form on the infloresence and can be divided and planted out. Seed will be set in emerse plants, and can be planted out in shallow trays with sand and shallow warm water. Prefers soft, rather acid water. Sub-tropical to tropical temperatures. It doesn't seem to thrive in hard water. Will grow in and by the pond in warmer regions, but must be protected from frost.

False daisy (Eclipta prostrata) is a plant in the Sunflower family with a long history in traditional medicine. The common name false daisy comes from the plant's tiny, daisy-like flowers. Other common names include yerba de tago and bhringraj. It grows in moist areas in California and many other places throughout the world. False daisy is sometimes classified as a weed.

False daisy has many chemical compounds (including flavonoids and steroids) that make it an important medicinal plant. It has been used to treat a wide range of health conditions, including a variety of skin, liver, and stomach ailments. It has also been used as a treatment for hair loss and snakebites.

This plant has a spreading growth habit and can quickly colonize disturbed areas. It tolerates many soil types, as long as it gets enough water. The small flowers appear in summer and can attract native pollinators. The center of the flower turns into a seed head after blooming. The leaves are lance-shaped and covered in hairs.

Eleocharis acicularis is a species of spikesedge known by the common names needle spikerush and dwarf hairgrass. It has a circumboreal distribution and it can also be found throughout the rest of the Americas. It lives in Australia, where it was probably an introduced species. This is an annual or perennial spikesedge with long, grasslike stems to about 15 centimeters in height, shorter in bog conditions, from a creeping rhizome. In shallow water it will form short spikes of tiny flowers amongst flat overlapping leafs. The tiny flowers are less than five millimeters in diameter and are borne at the tip of each stem in single, sharply pointed, lanceoloid spikelets up to about six millimeters long. This is a plant of marshes, vernal pools, and bogs, and it is also used as an aquarium plant. It thrives with plenty of light and a high concentration of carbon dioxide.

Eleocharis atropurpurea is a species of spikesedge known by the common name purple spikerush. This is an aquatic plant native to much of (Africa, eastern and southern Asia, Australia, Latin America). It also has a wide distribution in temperate regions of North and South America and Asia. It is present in Europe, where it may be an introduced species for the most part. Eleocharis atropurpurea can be found in wet areas from ocean shores to rice fields and irrigation ditches to inland lakes and rivers. This is an annual sedge rarely exceeding ten centimeters in height. It grows in tufts with few reddish-green leaves and many thin erect stems. Atop each stem is an oval-shaped, pointed inflorescence consisting of a spikelet under a centimeter long and containing at least ten flowers. Each tiny flower is covered by a bract which is a purplish-brown color. The fruit is a minute shiny black achene less than a millimeter long.

Eleocharis bolanderi is a species of spikesedge known by the common name Bolander's spikerush. It is native to the western United States from Colorado west to Oregon and California. It grows in wet spots in several types of habitat, including mountain meadows and springs. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing erect, hairless stems 10 to 30 centimeters tall. The narrow, wispy leaves often have purple or reddish speckles and purplish tinting around the bases. The inflorescence is an oval-shaped spikelet at the tip of the stem under a centimeter long and made up of several dark brown, sometimes purple-tinged flowers.

Eleocharis coloradoensis is a rare native grass that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in marshes and wet places, at elevations from - feet.

Eleocharis macrostachya is a species in the Cyperaceae (Sedge) family known by the common name Common Spikerush. It is widely distributed across North America and occurs in parts of South America. It is a plant of varied moist habitats, including freshwater lakes and brackish marshes and ponds, ditches, vernal pools, and wet meadows. This is a rhizomatous perennial generally reaching heights between one half and one meter. It has bright green erect stems and straw-colored basal leaves. The top of each stem is occupied by a narrow, lance-shaped or cylindrical flower cluster. The spikelet is one or two centimeters long and has at least ten flowers, each covered with a purplish-brown leaf. The fruit is a yellow or yellow-brown achene with a whitish cone-shaped tubercle on one end, measuring one or two millimeters long. The plant spreads by rhizomes and can fill up an area of suitable moisture.

Eleocharis montevidensis is a species of spikesedge known by the common name sand spikerush. It is native to South America and as far north as the southernmost United States from California to the Deep South, where it grows in moist, sandy spots in many habitat types, including lakes, riverbanks, wet meadows, and springs. It is sometimes cultivated as an aquatic plant for water gardens. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming tufts or mats of erect, firm stems up to half a meter tall. The narrow grasslike leaves are dark purplish or reddish brown at the bases, becoming lighter in color toward the tips, and drying to a thin, papery texture. The flower cluster is an oval-shaped spikelet appearing at the tip of the stem. It is under a centimeter long and made up of several flowers covered in brownish leafs.

Eleocharis obtusa is a species of spikesedge known by the common name blunt spikerush. This plant is widely distributed across Canada and the United States, where it grows in wet areas such as riverbanks and moist forest floors. It is also a weed of rice paddies, especially when the rice plants are young sprouts. This is an annual spikesedge approaching half a meter in maximum height. It has many green cylindrical stems which are erect but weak and spongy. There may be thin, grasslike leaves toward the base of the plant, which are generally straw-colored. Atop each stem is a rounded or oblong spikelet containing at least ten flowers, each covered by an oval-shaped brown bract.

Eleocharis parishii is a species of spikesedge known by the common name Parish's spikerush. It is native to Northern Mexico, the Southwestern United States (from southwestern Oregon and California east to Kansas and western Texas). It grows in moist and sandy habitats with fresh to brackish water. Eleocharis parishii is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming mats of ridged stems up to 0. 5 metres (1. 6 ft) tall. The narrow leaves are dark purplish to brown at the bases and becoming lighter in color toward the tips. The inflorescence is a lance-shaped spikelet appearing at the tip of the stem and measuring up to 1. 5 centimeters long. It contains many flowers covered in dark brown bracts.

Eleocharis parvula is a species of spikesedge known by the common names dwarf spikerush and small spikerush. It is has a circumboreal distribution, growing throughout Eurasia and North America, into Central America. It is a plant of brackish and saltwater habitat, such as marshes and mudflats. It is a perennial herb growing tufts of spongy, compressible stems not more than 10 centimeters tall. The plant grows from a tuber which is J-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, a characteristic that helps in the identification of the species. The flower cluster is an oval-shaped spikelet just 2 or 3 millimeters long, made up of several tiny flowers.

Eleocharis quinqueflora is a species of spikesedge known by the common names fewflower spikerush and few-flowered spike-rush. It is widespread across Europe, North Africa, northern Asia (Siberia, China, Kazakhstan, Himalayas, etc. ), and North America (Canada, Greenland, northern and western US). There are also isolated populations in Argentina and Chile. Eleocharis quinqueflorais a resident of wet meadows, bogs, hot springs, and other moist places. This is a rhizomatous perennial approaching a maximum height of 40 centimeters. The thin, flattened stems are surrounded by papery reddish to green leaf sheaths and topped with dark inflorescences. The spikelet is lance-shaped to oval and less than a centimeter long. It contains two to seven flowers, each of which is covered with a brown or black bract. The fruit is a yellow-brown achene two or three millimeters long.

Eleocharis radicans is a species of spikesedge known by the common name rooted spikerush. This aquatic or semi-aquatic plant is native to the Americas as far north as Virginia and northern California. It grows in wet places such as streams, lakes, bogs, and moist meadows, where it roots on soaked ground or floats in the water. This is a rhizomatous, mat-forming perennial with thread-thin, spongy stems. It may have several thin leaves. The stems are topped with papery spikelets about half a centimeter long at maximum size and containing 4 to 12 flowers, each covered with a light-colored leaf. The fruit is a minute white or yellow achene less than a millimeter long.

Eleocharis rostellata is a species of spikesedge known by the common name beaked spikerush. It is widespread across North America (including Mexico, Guatemala and the West Indies), with isolated populations in Argentina. Eleocharis rostellata occurs in many types of wetland habitat, especially saline and alkaline water bodies such as hot springs, fens, and salt marshes. Eleocharis rostellata is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing up to 1. 2 meters tall with spongy, compressible stems. The stem bends and droops and if the tip touches moist soil it may root there and grow more stems. The plant also reproduces by seed and vegetatively by sprouting from bits of rhizome. The inflorescence is a single spikelet up to 2 centimeters long made up of many tiny flowers covered in light brown, sometimes purple-spotted bracts.

Elodea canadensis (American or Canadian Waterweed or Pondweed) is a perennial aquatic plant, or submergent macrophyte, native to most of North America. It was first recorded from the British Isles in about 1836. Native to most of North America. Widely naturalised in the British Isles (female plants only). In Ireland found at several sites along the Eglinton Canal, County Galway and Co. Down. and from the Lagan Canal near Lisburn, Ireland.

Elodea nuttallii is a species of waterweed known by the common name western waterweed or Nuttall's waterweed. This is a perennial aquatic plant which is native to North America where it grows submersed in lakes, rivers, and other shallow water bodies. It is also found in Eurasia, where it is commonly weedy; it is not known as a weed species in its native range. It is sometimes used as an aquarium plant. The first european evidence of Elodea nuttallii was probably 1914 in England, though it had been determined wrongly as Hydrilla verticillata. It is a invasive species to Europe and is now covering practically the whole continent.

Leymus cinereus is a species of wild rye known by the common names basin wild rye and giant wild rye. It is a common native grass of western North America, including western Canada and the United States from California to South Dakota and Minnesota. It grows in many types of habitat, including grassland and prairie, forests, scrub, chaparral, and sagebrush. This is a perennial grass forming large, tough clumps up to 2 meters tall and sometimes exceeding one meter in diameter. It has a large, fibrous root system and sometimes small rhizomes. The flower cluster is an unbranched, cylindrical spike divided into up to 35 nodes with several flower spikelets per node.

Pascopyrum is a monotypic genus of grass containing the sole species Pascopyrum smithii, which is known by the common name western wheatgrass. This is a sod-forming rhizomatous perennial grass which is native and common in North America. It grows in grassland and prairie in the Great Plains, where it is sometimes the dominant grass species. It is the state grass of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. It is a valuable forage for animals such as bison and black-tailed prairie dogs, and it is good for grazing livestock. It is used for revegetation of disturbed and overgrazed habitat, and many cultivars have been developed to suit various conditions.