Purple owl's clover (Castilleja exserta) is an annual in the same species as the Indian paintbrushes. It was formerly included in the genus Orthocarpus, and some sources may still refer to it by that name. Although this species is variable in appearance and easily hybridizes with other Castilleja, it generally bears shaggy pink-purple or lavender flower clusters that resemble clover (though they are not related). The thin, erect leaves are usually tipped with the same color, giving the flower cluster the appearance of a paintbrush. It produces pods containing seeds.

The plant's showy appearance when in flower makes it a great fit for informal meadows and related landscapes. Like other related plants in the family, purple owl's clover derives some of its nutrients directly from the roots of other plants. Therefore, it is almost always planted, or grown from seed, with a perennial species from its natural plant community to serve as the host plant, such as a native grass. It takes full sun, prefers fast-draining soil but is tolerant of sand and clay. It does not need summer water.

The flowers attract bees and butterflies. It is a crucial host plant for the Bay Checkerspot butterfly, a threatened species in California, and hosts a likely total of 12 species of butterfly and moth.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected by Louis Edmunds in 194. Believed to be a C. impressus x C. Spinosus hybrid.

Hybrid of Ceanothus gloriosus and Ceanothus masonii. This glorious hybrid Ceanothus is as attractive as it is useful. It has brilliant violet flowers that start to bloom in early spring and small, holly-like leaves. It is very tough, drought tolerant and yet will tolerate heavy, clay soil. For those living in the mountains you'll be happy to note that the deer tend to stay away from this lilac. It is a great option for a hedge or barrier reaching about six feet high and with a similar spread. It will also respond well to pruning for a more formal hedge. Plant this lilac in full sun to appreciate its brilliant blooms at their best.

C. gloriosus x C. masonii introduced by Rancho santa Ana Botanic Garden Tolerates almost any soil type. Hybrid introduced by Rancho santa Ana Botanic Garden in 1979.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Seed collected from C. papillosus (C. p. var. roweanus) collected at Tilden Botanical Garden in 1965 by Lady Cynthia postan. Other parent thought to be C. thyrsiflorus var. griseus.

Dark star mountain lilac (C. impressus x C. papillosus var. roweanus) is an evergreen shrub in the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). This hybrid ceanothus was introduced by Ken Taylor in 1971. In spring the small, dark green leaves are covered in pinkish-purple buds followed by light blue flower clusters.

All ceanothus are attractive to deer, birds and pollinators. Deer eat the flowers and leaves; birds eat the small, black fruits; bees, butterflies, and moths feed from the flowers. Once mature, its branches also create a safe haven for birds and small wildlife.

Dark star grows well in dry, infertile soils on slopes or where drainage is excellent. Ceanothus species are naturally found in sunny, dry locations in chaparral and sunny woodland openings.

In the home garden, this is a show-stopper when it is in bloom, and an evergreen backbone the rest of the year. Place this medium-large shrub where it will not receive supplemental irrigation during the summer after its first year. Overwatering it will decrease its longevity. Surround young shrubs with tall chicken wire for the first year or so after planting, to protect them until they are large enough to tolerate deer grazing.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Originated from an open-pollinated seedlings of C. xburtonensis (hybrid of C. impressus x C. thyrsifloris). Selected by Dara Emery & introduced in 1981.

Hybrid of Ceanothus thyrsiflorus and Ceanothus arboreus. Ceanothus 'Frosty Blue' is an evergreen mountain lilac that reaches to 6'-8' tall and up to 8' wide. Fast growing it can mature in 18 months, and can be trained into a small tree or even espaliered. Flowers appear in early spring, medium blue with a frosted appearance hence the name. Frosty Blue is one of the most adaptable of the ceanothus. It tolerates most soil types including heavy clay and sandy soil and likes both sun or light shade. Heat, drought and frost tolerant to degrees F. The primary requirements for garden success is a well-drained soil and a light watering hand. If in clay then make sure it does not get waterlogged. Once established, Frosty Blue will survive on rainfall alone in coastal gardens where it's tolerant of both wind and salt spray. this is an easy hedge plant, small screen, or focal plant in a drought tolerant garden. Like all ceanothus, Frosty Blue is a valuable nectar source for many butterflies, bees and other insects.

Frosty Blue was selected in 1965 by Percy Everett, superintendent of the Rancho santa Ana Botanic Garden in Claremont, California. It was named by John Dourley in 197 and introduced into the nursery trade in 1974. Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected by percy Everett at RsABG in 1965. Named by John Dourley in 197 and introduced in 1974. possible hybid of C. impressus x C. thyrsiflorus var. griseus.

This Beautiful hybrid lilac grows to only about 3-5 ft high but about 8-12 ft wide. 'Joyce Coulter' has dark green foliage and medium blue flowers which bloom all the way from March to May. This variety will tolerate pruning and a wide range of garden conditions. It is fast-growing and is a beautiful choice for large slopes, or above a retaining wall, or anywhere you want a low-water yet lush flowering plant. Due to the width of this plant you can cover large areas with just a few plants. It grows well in hot areas and is drought tolerant.

It is a natural hybrid of Ceanothus papillosus var. roweanus x Ceanothus impressus (possibly) and was introduced by the saratoga Horticultural Foundation in 1956. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected by John E. Coulter in san Carlos, CA in 1956; introduced by saratoga Horticultural Foundation in 1962. possible hybrid of C. papillosus x C. thyrsiflorus var. griseus.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. A selection for the garden introduced in 1948 by Walter Lammerts. One parent believed to be C. impressus.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected from seed collected in 195's by Malcolm G. Smith; introduced in 1975 by saratoga Horticultural Foundation. Believed to be a hybrid of C. arboreus x C. thyrsiflorus var. griseus.

Ceanothus hybrid. This lilac has glossy dark green leaves that set off the stunning blue flowers. It is fast growing and adaptable.It grows to 1' high and 5' wide with an upright, dense form. The Ceanothus grows great in clay soils especially the shaley clay soils, as well as more well-drained soils. It is thought to be a hybrid of Ceanothus oliganthus var. sorediatus and Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus and was introduced by Bert and Celeste Wilson of Las Pilitas Nursery in 1991. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. A hybrid of C. oliganthus var. sorediatus x C. thyrsiflorus var. griseus from Las pilitas Nursery in santa Margarita.

Hybrid of undetermined Ceanothus species, likely including Ceanothus cyaneus. 'Sierra Blue' is a tall, fast-growing lilac with a reputation for longevity. It can reach 15' - 2' tall and 25' wide. Vivid blue flowers are produced from April to mid-May. This lilac is best grown in full sun and appears to do well on the coast as well as inland.

Hybrid, F2; origin = seedlings (1948) University of California, Los Angeles from C. 'La Primavera' (C. cyaneus x , 1935 sBBG) x C. cyaneus?; intro UCLA 1948 Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected by Walter Lammerts in 1948 from an open-pollinated seedling from santa Barbara Botanic Garden. One parent of this hybrid is C. cyaneus.

Ceanothus arboreus is a species of shrub endemic to California, especially to the Channel Islands. It is known commonly as feltleaf ceanothus. It is a species of what are sometimes called California lilacs, and may be referred to as the California mountain lilac or island mountain lilac. It is one of the tallest of the genus, growing up to 25-30 ft. in height, bearing glossy dark green leaves which are leathery or felt-like on their undersides. It is sometimes planted as a fast-growing ornamental for its showy bright blue flowers, which grow in plentiful panicles, or bunches, of tiny five-lobed blossoms. Some varieties and cultivars have light, powder blue blooms, and others bear darker blue flowers. One named variety is known as 'Owlswood Blue'. The species is used as a parent in popular ornamental hybrids such as 'Ray Hartman'. The fruits are three-lobed, triangular capsules. As a native of dry California, the plant is drought-tolerant and may be found in chaparral ecosystems. It has a reputation for being short lived, but life span is improved by not overwatering, withholding summer water and replicating natural conditions as much as possible.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selection from santa Cruz Island made in 1983 by David Fross.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden by Carol Bornstein from a specimen on the west end of santa Cruz Island. Introduced by santa Barbara Botanic Garden in 22.

Ceanothus cordulatus is a species of shrub in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) known by the common names Mountain Whitethorn and Whitethorn Ceanothus. It is native to California and adjacent sections of Oregon, Nevada, and Baja California, where it grows on mountain ridges and other forested areas. In California its major population is in the Sierras. This is a spreading shrub growing usually wider than tall and up to about 1.5 meters. The stems are gray, with the twigs yellow-green in color and fuzzy in texture when new. The evergreen leaves are alternately arranged and up to 3 centimeters long. Each is oval in shape with three ribs and generally not toothed. The leaves may be hairy or not. The flower cluster is panicle-shaped, up to about 4 centimeters long. The flowers are white to off-white with five sepals and five petals. The fruit is a rough, ridged capsule up to half a centimeter long. It has three valves inside, each containing a seed. This is a plant for high elevation gardens, from 4,000 ft. to 10,000 ft. At lower elevations it grows slowly and performs poorly. It is one of the most cold-tolerant of the Ceanothus.

Ceanothus foliosus is a species of flowering shrub in the Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) family known by the common name Wavyleaf Ceanothus. This Ceanothus is endemic to California, where its distribution extends throughout the Coast Ranges and the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges. This shrub appears in a variety of forms throughout its range. It may be tall and erect but is generally under two meters in height; it may also be low-lying and sprawling. There are three recognized varieties; var. vineatus (Vine Hill Ceanothus) is a rare form. The species generally has sparse, small evergreen leaves only one to two centimeters in length and toothed along the edges with hairy knobs. The petite flower clusters are borne on naked stalks and are bunched with blue or lavender flowers with prominent yellow anthers. The fruit is a capsule about 4 millimeters long containing usually 3 seeds. It is an excellent butterfly plant.

Ceanothus fresnensis is a species of shrub in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae known by the common name Fresno mat. It is endemic to California, where it grows in central sections of the Sierra Nevada and its foothills. Its habitat includes dry woodland and coniferous forest. This is a flat, spreading shrub forming mats approaching 6 meters in maximum width. The stems are reddish brown and send down roots at nodes. The evergreen leaves are oppositely arranged and generally under 2 centimeters long. They are oval and have smooth edges but sometimes have a few teeth or notches at the tips. The inflorescence is a small cluster of pale to bright blue flowers. The fruit is a horned capsule about half a centimeter long. This is a flat, spreading shrub forming mats approaching 6 meters in maximum width. The stems are reddish brown and send down roots at nodes. The evergreen leaves are oppositely arranged and generally under 2 centimeters long. They are oval and have smooth edges but sometimes have a few teeth or notches at the tips. The inflorescence is a small cluster of pale to bright blue flowers. The fruit is a horned capsule about half a centimeter long.

Horticultural selection from Ceanothus gloriosus. 'Heart's Desire' is desirable, dense groundcover 6"-12" high and spreading as much as 5' across. the dark green leaves are attractive and it grows fast. Blooms are blue and darker than other Ceanothus gloriosus cultivars. It is an excellent choice for coastal gardens, but needs some partial shade and a little extra water inland.

Horticultural selection C. foliosus x C. greseus: origin = cuttings (1993) north coast Bodega Bay; intro Cal Flora Nursery 1995 Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected by phil Van soelen from a Heart's Desire Beach in Marin County.

Known by the common names Mountain Buckbrush or Desert Ceanothus, it is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico where it grows in desert scrub, sagebrush, chaparral, and other dry habitat. This shrub grows erect to nearly 2 meters in maximum height. Its woody parts are gray in color and somewhat woolly. The evergreen leaves are oppositely arranged and variable in shape. They may be toothed or smooth along the edges. The flower cluster is a small cluster of many white flowers. The fruit is a horned capsule a few millimeters wide which bursts explosively to expel the three seeds. The seeds require thermal scarification from wildfire before they can germinate. This shrub is eagerly browsed by livestock and wild ungulates such as Mule deer and Desert Bighorn Sheep. Also known to attract a variety of bird species.

Ceanothus hearstiorum is a species of flowering shrub known by the common names Hearst Ranch Buckbrush and Hearst's Ceanothus. This Ceanothus is endemic to California, where it grows wild only on the hilly coastline of San Luis Obispo County. This shrub is generally wider than it is tall and often lies prostrate in a mat on the ground. The younger branches are hairy and somewhat feltlike in texture. The distinctive evergreen leaves are oval to almost rectangular and have a cupped, rippled surface. The edges are toothed with tiny hairy knobs and the shiny surface may be dotted with more knobs. The underside of the leaf is fuzzy to hairy. The flower clusters are borne on short, stout stalks and the tiny flowers are lavender to blue with prominent yellow-anthered blue stamens.

This plant prefers to be near the coast where it would have cooler temperatures and some fog. If planted inland, give afternoon shade and an occasional rinse in the summer. It is a rare plant in the wild due to its extremely limited distribution. However, it is a popular garden plant and is readily available at nurseries.

Ceanothus impressus is a species of flowering shrub in the Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) family known by the common name Santa Barbara Ceanothus. This species is endemic to a small area of the Central Coast of California, where it can be found on coastal slopes and mesas. It is thickly branched with dark brown twigs and stem. The very small, evergreen leaves are about 2 centimeters long and oval shaped, highly ridged and wrinkled and curling under along the edges. They may be gland-dotted and have grayish hairy undersides. The shrub flowers abundantly in flower clusters of small blue flowers. The fruit is a crested spherical capsule about 4 millimeters wide.

There are two recognized varieties that inhabit essentially the same small range. In addition, several popular cultivars are derived from this species including 'Dark Star' and 'Julia Phelps.' This is a great Ceanothus to grow in its natural range. Significant amounts of summer water will kill this plant. It needs the cool coastal climate and strong marine influence to make it through the hot season, so don't try to grow it south of Ventura County or inland areas. Prefers sun or part shade and sandy soils. Makes a great hedge.

Deer brush (Ceanothus integerrimus) is a woody shrub in the Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) family native to the western United States, including Arizona, New Mexico, California, Oregon, and Washington. It grows in a wide range of habitats, from chaparral mountain shrub regions to hardwood forests and fir, spruce, and Ponderosa Pine communities, with the most abundance in California's chaparral. The species shows significant variability in form across its range. In some areas, it is a deciduous shrub 1-4 meters tall with an open, ascending to erect branching habit. In others, it is evergreen or semi-deciduous and decumbent. There are two recognized varieties, with overlapping ranges reflecting the species' adaptability.

Deer brush is a drought-adapted shrub that fixes nitrogen through root nodules formed by actinomycete bacteria. It produces fragrant flowers, typically white, though they may occasionally be shades of blue. While it can be tricky to grow in the garden, especially without providing the right conditions, it thrives best in mountain gardens and is particularly suited to growing in the shade of conifers or oaks. The shrub is browsed by wildlife, especially deer.

Ceanothus maritimus is a rare, narrow endemic species of shrub in the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) known by the common name Maritime Ceanothus. It is endemic to San Luis Obispo County, California, where it is known from only a few occurrences in the vicinity of Hearst Ranch. It shares the same range as the similarly rare Ceanothus hearstiorum, growing on the coastal bluffs.

This species looks unlike other Ceanothus and is said to resemble the non-native Cotoneaster. This is a spreading or ascending shrub under a meter in height with reddish gray bark aging to gray. The firm evergreen leaves are oppositely arranged, each oval or oblong in shape with a pointed, flat, or notched tip. Its short leaves are shiny green on top and woolly underneath, with their edges curled under and sometimes toothed.

The flower cluster is a small cluster of deep blue to off-white flowers. The fruit is a capsule, generally rounded with tiny horns on top. This is an attractive, adaptable, long-lived plant that is great for central coastal gardens.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Horticultural selection from Ceanothus maritimus. Frosty Dawn California Lilac, also known as Maritime ceanothus, is a small, evergreen groundcover 2'-3' x 5'-6'. Its low, compact and creeping habit make this an excellent choice for coastal gardens. Like it's parent, Frosty Dawn is slow growing but long lived, try planting Frosty Dawn Ceanothus on hills, mixed in with boulders, or in a border that has plants that also prefer low water. Leaves are greyish green above, nearly white with wool beneath. It produces dense clusters of lavender-blue flowers in spring, even as early as December. Provide additional water and protection from afternoon sun inland.

Horticultural selection C. maritimus; intro David Fross, Native sons Nursery Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected from cuttings collected by Austin Griffiths and David Fross south of Arroyo de la Cruz in 1985.

Horticultural selection from Ceanothus maritimus. Point sierra California Lilac is a selection of maritime Ceanothus from just north of Arroyo de la Cruz. It is a small scale groundcover evergreen shrub, growing 1-3'high x 4-6'wide. We love Ceanothus maritimus and chose to grow this Point sierra selection due to it's increased tolerance of inland heat. Nonetheless, we recommend some light shade for hot interior gardens. Lavender blue flowers appear in early spring. This plant will grow in heavy soils and is great wildlife plant for butterflies, pollinators and birds.

Plant as a small-scale groundcover, as an accent in a dry border, or as a highlight in a rock garden. Trails over walls or rocks wonderfully. Maritime ceanothus adapts to many soil types, it will even grow in heavy soils as long as they are well drained. This groundcover ceanothus is slow-growing but long-lived. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected from cuttings collected south of Arroyo de la Cruz by Austin Griffiths and David Fross in 1985.

Horticultural selection from Ceanothus maritimus. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. A selection for the garden. Introduced by UC Davis.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Horticultural selection from Ceanothus maritimus. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Ceanothus megacarpus is a species of flowering shrub in the Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) family known by the common name Bigpod Ceanothus. This Ceanothus is endemic to California, where its distribution extends from Santa Barbara County to San Diego County and includes most of the Channel Islands. There are two recognized varieties; var. insularis is a rare form found primarily on the Channel Islands. This shrub may exceed 4 meters in height but usually less and is covered in thick oval to nearly rectangular evergreen leaves. The leaves may be either opposite or alternate, sometimes on the same plant. The flower clusters are small and sparse and are filled with small white to pale lavender flowers with dark centers. The fruit is a large, bumpy, spherical red-green capsule about a centimeter wide. The inside of the capsule is divided into 3 valves, each valve holding a seed. The capsule dehisces neatly in two at the central band to release the seeds. This is a showy plant in early spring.

Ceanothus oliganthus is a species of shrub in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae known by the common name hairy ceanothus. It is endemic to California, where it can be found in most of the coastal mountain ranges in dry habitat such as chaparral. This is a large, erect shrub approaching 3 meters in maximum height. The evergreen leaves are alternately arranged and may be up to 4 centimeters long. They are dark green on top, paler and hairy on the underside, and are edged with hairy teeth. The flower cluster is a cluster or series of clusters of blue or purple flowers. The fruit is a capsule which may be hairy or not, depending on variety. There are three recognized varieties with overlapping ranges. The variety of this species known as jimbrush (var. sorediatus) is sometimes treated as a separate species.

Plant Ceanothus oliganthus on rocky slopes, particular north facing ones in the southern, drier parts of its range. This plant is fairly sensitive to summer water. Best to avoid all direct summer water after it's first year, though it will be happiest if it can stretch its roots out to a damper or irrigated area 10 feet away or so. This plant likes full sun but tolerates part shade.

Hairy Ceanothus (Ceanothus oliganthus var. oliganthus) is a native shrub in the Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) family. It is one of three recognized varieties of the species Ceanothus oliganthus. It grows primarily in the coastal hills and mountains of southern and central California, from Santa Barbara County to Los Angeles County and into Baja. It tends to grow in dry slopes, at elevations from 0-4300 feet. This is a large, erect shrub approaching 3 meters in height. The evergreen leaves are alternately arranged and may be up to 4 centimeters long. They are dark green on top, paler and hairy on the underside, and are edged with hairy teeth. The flower cluster is a series of clusters of blue or purple flowers. The fruit is a capsule which is generally smooth and not hairy.



Plant Ceanothus oliganthus var. oliganthus on rocky slopes, particularly north facing ones in the southern, drier parts of its range. This plant is fairly sensitive to summer water. Best to avoid all direct summer water after it's first year, though it will be happiest if it can stretch its roots out to a damper or irrigated area 10 feet away or so. This plant likes full sun but tolerates part shade. For further information about the species, please refer to Ceanothus Oliganthus.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected by Dara Emery in 1981 from Wheeler Gorge in Ventura County. Introduced by santa Barbara Botanic Garden.

Monterey Ceanothus (Ceanothus rigidus previously called Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus) is a rare native shrub that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the Central Coast and SF Bay regions. It tends to grow in dry fans, slopes and ridges, at elevations from 0-5900 feet.

Ceanothus rigidus is primarily available in nurseries as cultivars - the two most common of which are Ceanothus rigidus 'Snowball', and Ceanothus rigidus'' 'Sierra Snow'. Both have profuse white flowers, and a dense form with arching branches the former of The Snowball variety ranges from 4-5 high and 8 feet wide, and Sierra Snow ranges from 5-6 feet high and 10-15 feet wide. Both are relatively easy to grow in the natural coastal range of the straight Ceanothus rigidus species.

Ceanothus 'Snowball' is a dense, mounding shrub that is covered in pure white balls of flower clusters in the spring. The flowers really stand out against the plant's arching branches of dark green, leathery leaves. Snowball grows 4' tall and can spread to 10'. It is best near the coast but can take inland heat and drought, as well as heavier soils, as long as it gets some afternoon shade and a bit of summer water. It likes to keep it's roots cool but dry in the summer and will respond well to a quick rinsing off of it leaves every week or so in the summer. Just make sure you don't get the soil wet! Try it on a hillside or let it cascade over a wall. Horticultural selection by Lester Rowntree, C. cuneatus var. rigidus: origin = cuttings (1950) Yankee Pt., central coast, Monterey Co.; intro Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1954.

Ceanothus spinosus is a species in the Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) family known by the common names greenbark ceanothus and redheart. It is native to the coastal strip of southern California south of San Luis Obispo County to northern Baja California, where it grows in the scrub and chaparral of the coastal mountain ranges. This is a large treelike shrub approaching six meters in maximum height. The stem is a rough-barked trunk near the base and has thorny, greenish-brown branches. The thick, firm evergreen leaves are up to 4 or 5 centimeters long and are hairless on the upper surface but sometimes lined with hairs underneath. The shrub blooms in flower clusters up to 15 centimeters long filled with clusters of white to pale blue flowers. The fruit is a smooth, round capsule about half a centimeter wide containing 3 seeds.

Blueblossom ceanothus (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus) is a large shrub or small tree in the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). Evergreen, glossy leaves range from bright green to dark green. Small flower clusters range in color from light blue, dark blue, or blue-violet; occasionally a specimen with pale blue-white flowers can be found. Varying dramatically in form and size over its natural range, some plants grow fairly upright to 30 feet and others grow in a mounding form to only 2-3 feet tall. Flowers appear in late winter or early spring, and are an important early source of food for pollinators. Bees are especially attracted to the flowers. Three-lobed seed capsules are eaten by birds and small mammals. 

Blueblossom grows primarily along the coast and coastal mountains, in many different habitats, in full sun or part shade. In the hotter, inland part of its range, it can be found growing in the shade of northern slopes, under mature woodland canopies, or closer to an irrigated or a naturally moist area. In the cooler, coastal areas, it prefers more sun and dry locations.

In the garden, if you continue to provide summer irrigation after it is established, ceanothus species will usually be short-lived. Choose a ceanothus which is native to your location, then stop irrigating after year two or three. Blueblossom can be used alone as a backdrop to shorter shrubs and perennials, or as an evergreen hedge. Prune it to one trunk for a treeform, or keep it natural for a large shrub. When in bloom, blueblossom is almost entirely covered in flowers, creating a dreamy blue haze in the landscape. There are many cultivars available at nurseries all over the state. 

Carmel ceanothus (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseu) is a flowering shrub available in many named cultivars. In winter to spring its evergreen leaves are densely covered with small blue or purple flowers. This native plant is endemic to coastal California. It grows in the chaparral, coastal scrub, and closed-cone-pine forest plant communities.

The flowers become food sources for larvae of some butterfly and moth species, bees, and other beneficial insects. 

Carmel ceanothus is the most popular ceanothus for California garden. Gardeners find it easy to grow and fast-growing. It will take a wide range of soils and can tolerate summer water up to twice a week.

Take care with pruning and do not prune heavily. You should not cut back into old wood. Instead, promote new shoots by pruning the tip of stems where growth is active. Also, you can trim off dead branches on the interior of the shrub to improve its shape and attractiveness. 

Cultivars of Carmel ceanothus have variable leaf and flower colors and grow to different heights and widths.  Calscape features:

Diamond heights mountain lilac (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Diamond Heights') 

Kurt Zadnik Carmel ceanothus (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Kurt Zadnik') 

Louis Edmunds Carmel ceanothus (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Louis Edmunds') 

Point Sal Carmel creeper (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Point Sal') 

Santa Ana Carmel ceanothus (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Santa Ana') 

Yankee Point Carmel Ceanothus (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Yankee Point') 

Louis Edmunds Carmel Ceanothus is a mounding shrub ground cover, reaching 3-6 ft. tall by 12-25 ft. wide. It has dark green glossy textured foliage, and produces violet-blue flowers in the springtime. The plant can grow in full sun in coastal sites, and in some sun to part shade in inland sites. In cultivation it is tolerant of clay, alkalinity, sand, wind and heat, and depending on local climate and soil can be tolerant of some irrigation.
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Louis Edmunds' is planted as a large scale groundcover where it has room to spread, and for slope stabilization and erosion control.

This cultivar was selected in 1942 by nurseryman Louis L. Edmunds, who later operated the Louis Edmunds Native Plant Nursery in Danville, from a seedling he propagated and selected at Tilden Botanic Garden (Regional Parks Botanic Garden) in the Berkeley Hills. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Louis Edmunds' was given an Award of Merit in 1956 by the California Horticultural Society.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden by Carol Bornstein.

Horticultural selection of cuttings of Ceanothus griseus horizontalis from Yankee Point on the central California coast just south of Carmel. This is one of the most commonly used California native plants. Yankee Point is a very garden tolerant spreading groundcover, with glossy green leaves and 1' blue flowers. On the coast, it will take wind and salt spray, and it will do equally well inland. It is often used as a large-scale groundcover and will stabilize slopes nicely. It reaches 2'-3' in height and spreads to 6'+. Horticultural selection E. griseus horizontalis: origin = cutting (1954) sHF, Yankee Pt., central coast, Monterey Co.; intro saratoga Hort. Foundation 1956 .Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selection developed by Maunsell Van Rensselaer in 1954. Species previously known as C. griseus var. horizontalis.

Creeping Blueblossom (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. thyrsoflorus) is a the low growing form and variety of the native shrub and tree Ceanothus thyrsiflorus. It native range is coastal central and northern California, extending from northern Santa Barbara County to near the Oregon border, growing 1- 5 miles from the shore. The other variety of this species, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus (Carmel Ceanothus) is much more variable in form and is native to habitats closer to the coast.
Creeping Blueblossom was previously classified as Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens.

Creeping Blueblossom has profuse attractive sky blue flowers and makes an excellent ground cover plant. It prefers full sun to part shade in cooler coastal environments, and part shade to full shade in hotter and drier inland environments. It tolerates occasional light summer water, but is quite drought tolerant. It grows well in many different soil types, from clay to sand, and can tolerate poorly draining and fast draining conditions.

Cultivars in the nursery trade include:
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. thyrsiflorus 'Taylor's Blue' (Taylors Blue Ceanothus). This is a shrub ground cover growing 2-3 feet tall by 10-15 feet wide. It was introduced in the 1950s as Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 'Louis Edmunds' by the Saratoga Horticultural Foundation, from a plant in nurseryman Ken Taylor's natives garden in Aromas, originally from the garden of nurseryman Louis L. Edmunds. It was previously named and is sometimes still sold as C. t. var. repens 'Taylor's Blue'.
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. thyrsiflorus 'Louis Edmunds' (Louis Edmunds Blue Blossom). This is a prostrate ground cover growing 6 inches tall by 6 to 8 feet wide, and is the lowest cultivated form of C. t. var. thyrsiflorus. It introduced by Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (California Botanic Garden) in 1958 as Ceanothus griseus 'Louis Edmunds' from a plant given them by Louis L. Edmunds, who operated the Louis Edmunds Native Plant Nursery in Danville.
This is not the same plant as the cultivar Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus 'Louis Edmunds' (Louis Edmunds Carmel Ceanothus) nor the formerly named Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 'Louis Edmunds' (currently C. t. var. thyrsiflorus 'Taylors Blue').

Ceanothus tomentosus is a species of shrub in the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) known by the common name Woollyleaf Ceanothus. It is most commonly found in the foothills and canyons of San Diego, Orange and Riverside Counties, north up into the foothills of the Transverse Mountains, and south down into Baja California. The plants formerly called Ceanothus tomentosus var. tomentosus from the Sierra Nevada are actually more closely related to Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (see Burge et. al. Nov. 2011). Ceanothus tomentosus grows in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, coastal strand and foothill woodland plant communities in its range.

It is shrub approaching four meters in maximum height. The evergreen leaves are alternately arranged and have dense, matted hairs on the undersides. The leaves have tiny, hairy teeth. The flower cluster is several centimeters long of deep blue or white flowers. The fruit is a lobed capsule a few millimeters long. It is not hairy and it is sticky when new.

Ceanothus tomentosus is a quintessential chaparral plant in San Diego county. It puts on a great floral display for 1-2 months in winter or occasionally in the spring if rains come late. The flowers are beautiful and abundant particularly in wetter years, and can turn the foothills and canyons blue. So for 1-2 months this plant is especially spectacular. The shiny leaves reflect the sun and look beautiful when backlit. In southern California, it prefers full sun and slopes that retain just a bit more moisture than average - i.e. north facing slopes, slope bottoms, east or west facing slopes with heavier soils and plenty of rocks, or cool coastal conditions. Fast growing to 6-12 feet if happy.

Ceanothus tomentosus doesn't tolerate much if any direct summer water after it's established, and if planted in soils that don't retain enough moisture, it will dry out and die. So site selection is very important here. Best to give it regular water for the first year, and none or almost none thereafter, though it'll do fine if planted adjacent to an irrigated area. If you do give it supplemental water, it should be light and preferably indirect. It will typically drop about half its leaves in the summer and make its own mulch.

Ceanothus velutinus is a species of shrub in the buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae, known by the common names Red Root, Snowbrush Ceanothus and Tobacco Brush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Colorado, where it grows in several habitat types including coniferous forest, chaparral, and various types of woodland. In California it is found primarily in the northern half of the state in the Coast Ranges, Sierras, Klamath and Modoc regions. It can grow up to 4 meters tall but generally remains under three, and forms colonies of individuals which tangle together to form nearly impenetrable thickets. The aromatic evergreen leaves are alternately arranged, each up to 8 centimeters long. The leaves are oval in shape with minute hairy teeth along the edges, and shiny green and hairless on the top surface. The plentiful flower clusters are long clusters of white flowers. The fruit is a three-lobed capsule a few millimeters long which snaps open explosively to expel the three seeds onto the soil, where they may remain in a buried seed bank for well over 200 years before sprouting. The seed is coated in a very hard outer layer that must be scarified, generally by wildfire, before it can germinate. Like most other Ceanothus, this species fixes nitrogen via actinomycetes on its roots.

Ceanothus verrucosus is a rare species of shrub in the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) known by the common names wart-stem ceanothus, barranca brush, and white coast ceanothus. It is endemic to Baja California and San Diego County, where it grows in coastal chaparral and scrub. Much of the coastal land that hosts this plant in the San Diego area has been claimed for development, but many populations still remain scattered around the region, such as one protected at Torrey Pines. This is an erect shrub approaching 3 meters in maximum height. The evergreen leaves, each up to about 1.5 centimeters long, are alternately arranged on bumpy stems. The flowers are held in a cluster up to around a foot. The flower is white except for its characteristic dark center. The fruit is a capsule about half a centimeter long.

Ceanothus verrucosus is one of the easier Ceanothus species to grow in southern California. It seems to tolerate summer water slightly better, and tolerates tough drought conditions much better than most other southern California Ceanothus species. But it does best with monthly summer water it's first year, and then left alone after that. It produces a spectacular display of white flowers in late winter, often early March. It tends to grow in an attractive fanned-out form, and its leaves stay green and healthy looking even through a long dry summer with no water.

Cephalanthus occidentalis is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is native to the Central Valley in California, and to eastern and southern North America. Common names include Buttonbush, Common Buttonbush, Button-willow and Honey-bells. C. occidentalis is a deciduous shrub or small tree that averages 1-3 meter (3.3-9.8 feet) in height, but can reach 6 meter (20 feet). The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, elliptic to ovate, 7-18 centimeter (2.8-7.1 inches) long and 4-10 meter (13-33 feet) broad, with a smooth edge and a short petiole. The flowers are arranged in a dense spherical flower cluster 2-3.5 centimeter (0.79-1.4 inches) in diameter on a short peduncle. Each flower has a fused white to pale yellow four-lobed corolla forming a long slender tube connecting to the sepals. The stigma protrudes slightly from the corolla. The fruit is a spherical cluster of achenes (nutlets).

This plant is easy to grow as long as it's planted near a stream or water source. Often used in wetland revegation project in the Central Valley.

The Western Redbud (Cercis occidentalis) is a small deciduous tree or shrub found in the foothills and mountains of California. In the northern, rainier part of its range, it grows more often on dry slopes in mountain foothills. In the southern and drier part of its range, it grows most often near near higher-elevation creeks, canyon bottoms and other moister areas.

The thin, shiny brown branches bear shiny heart-shaped leaves which are light green early in the season and darken as they age. Leaves on plants at higher elevation may turn gold or red as the weather cools. The showy flowers develop in the spring and are bright pink or magenta, and grow in clusters all over the shrub, making the plant very colorful and noticeable in the landscape. The shrub bears 3-inch-long brown legume pods which are very thin and dry. The flowers that are popular with a variety of native bees, including leafcutter bees.

This plant is easy to grow just about anywhere in northern California that doesn't get below 15 degrees. In southern California, best to plant Western Redbuds near seasonal streams, springs, damp areas or irrigated areas. To thrive, this plant needs a four-season climate with a cool winter, so best not to plant near the immediate coast in Southern California. Redbud

Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides) is a distinctive-looking shrub that provides visual interest in the landscape. It is known for its long, fuzzy seeds that resemble curled feathers and shine in the sun. "Cercocarpus" means fruit with a tail. The evergreen, birch-like leaves have edges that are smooth at the bottom and toothed at the top. Its small yellow flowers attract hummingbirds and butterflies. Mountain Mahogany is named for its dark bark color, but this plant is actually a member of the Rose family.

This shrub has a tall, upright habit and a fast growth rate. It is often used in narrow areas and as a hedge or privacy screen. It responds well to light or heavy pruning, which may be necessary when planted in small spaces. It can also be cut down to the ground for new growth. It's a low-water plant and adapts to a variety of soil types. Mountain Mahogany is notable for its extensive root system and is often used for restoration and bank stabilization.

Curl Leaf Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) is a large, densely-branching shrub or tree. Its leathery, sticky, dark-green leaves are up to 1 1/2 inches long and lance-shaped.The small cream flowers appear in spring in clusters of up to three. It produces a small, dry fruit.

It is very drought-adapted and hardy, which makes it great for the high desert and for slopes. It is also a good choice for a screen or background shrub. It takes full to part sun and well-draining rocky soil.

This plant is distributed across western North America, where it grows on low mountains and slopes. It has a great many medicinal uses for various Indigenous Peoples, such as the Paiute and the Shoshone.

This species is known to attain ages at least as great as 1,350 years (although the tree that yielded this age was cut down; Schultz et al. 1990). This makes it arguably the oldest known flowering plant.

San Diego Mountain Mahogany is a beautiful native shrub that grows in Southern California, primarily in coastal Orange and San Diego counties, and in the western side of the Peninsular Range region, mostly at elevations from 0-4300 feet. It grows quickly to 8 feet, and then fairly slowly after that. Leaves are small and birch-shaped, delicate and emerald green in the winter and spring, and dark green, thick, and curled down during the dry season. Flowers are yellow. Probably its most spectacular feature are its feathery, silvery seeds produced in large quantities in late summer through early fall. The seeds light up in the sun, making the plant appear to have a silvery halo when back lit. It is nice as a hedge plant around San Diego.

It does well in full sun or part shade, and tolerates summer water up to 1x per month. It does best if planted near a seasonal creek or irrigated area. It can sprout from the stump if burned or severely cut back.

Chaenactis artemisiifolia is a species in the Asteraceae (Sunflower) family known by the common name White Pincushion. It is native from the coast to the coastal mountain ranges of southern California and Baja California. This is a robust annual herb producing an erect stem occasionally as tall as two meters but usually under one meter in height. There is a basal rosette of leaves and sparse leaves along the stem. The leaves are up to about 15 centimeters or more in length and they are divided into many lobes which are further subdivided into smaller, lacy lobes. The leaves and stem are lightly woolly; older plants have thinner coats of hair. The stem branches about midway up and bears several flower heads in a wide open flower cluster. Each head is a hairy hemispheric cup of sharp-tipped phyllaries which can be up to a centimeter long. The flower heads are discoid, containing only disc florets, but some of them are flat enough to resemble ray florets or petals. The florets are white to pink. The anthers and curly styles protrude far from each floret, making the flower head look like a pincushion. The fruit is a compressed achene about half a centimeter long with no pappus. This species is not frequently seen in gardens but is useful for restoration projects.

Chaenactis glabriuscula is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae (Sunflower) family known by the common name Yellow Pincushion. It is native to much of California and Baja California, where it grows in a wide variety of habitats. It is a variable plant, especially across its five recognized Varieties: Var. orcuttiana, is a rare variety limited to the beaches and coastal dunes of southern California and Baja, where it is threatened by development of its coastal habitat. In general this is an annual herb producing one or more mainly erect stems approaching half a meter in maximum height. The branching stems are hairy and often cobwebby with fibers. The leaves are up to about 10 centimeters long, sometimes fleshy, and usually divided into many very small, curling lobes. The flower cluster produces one to many flower heads on a very long, erect peduncle. The flower head is lined with flat, hairy or woolly hairy phyllaries. It contains many tubular flowers in shades of gold to bright yellow, the outermost flowers large and flat-faced, most with protruding anthers. The fruit is an achene which may be over a centimeter long including its layered pappus of scales. This is an attractive plant, especially when planted in mass, which can bloom up to eight months of the year, and attractive to butterflies.

Chamaebatia foliolosa is a species of aromatic evergreen shrub in the rose family known by the common names mountain misery and bear clover. The Miwok tribe's name for this plant was kit-kit-dizze. This shrub is endemic to the mountains of California, where it grows in coniferous forests and oak forests. The stems are covered in dark brown bark. The foliage is made up of 3-pinnate leaves, meaning the frondlike leaves are made up of leaflets which in turn are made up of smaller leaflets which are also subdivided. The fernlike leaves are up to 10 centimeters long, frilly in appearance and dotted with sticky glands. The rose-like flowers have rounded white petals and yellow centers ringed with many stamens. Plant gained its common name by gold rush miners who tried to walk through its tangled stems, which can cause tripping and soaks pant legs in rainy conditions.

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is a tree in the family Cupressaceae, known by the name Lawson's Cypress in the horticultural trade, or Port Orford Cedar in its native range (although not a true cedar). C. lawsoniana is native to the southwest of Oregon and the far northwest of California, occurring from sea level up to 1,500 meter (4,900 feet) altitude in mountain valleys, often along streams. It is a large evergreen coniferous tree, regularly reaching 50-70 meter (200 feet) tall, with feathery foliage in flat sprays, usually somewhat waxy pale blue-green in colour. The leaves are scale-like, 3-5 millimeter long, with narrow white markings on the underside, and produced on somewhat flattened shoots. The seed cones are globose, 7-14 millimeter diameter, with 6-10 scales, green at first, maturing brown in early fall, 6-8 months after pollination. The male cones are 3-4 millimeter long, dark red, turning brown after pollen release in early spring. The bark is reddish-brown, and fibrous to scaly in vertical strips. This tree is valued for its wood and is farmed for that purpose. Due to its ultimate size it is not often used in residential gardens.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected for the garden.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected for the garden.

Soap plant (Chlorogalum pomeridianum) is a member of the Agavaceae (Agave) family, but more closely resembles a Lily.

Soap plant has delicate, star-like flowers in clusters. They are typically white, with a noticeable purple or green mid-vein and yellow-to-orange stamens. Soap plant flowers are unique in that they open only in the late afternoon or evening, sometimes on cloudy days. The flowers remain open during the night but will close by the morning. Pollination is by evening and night flying insects.

As the plant's common name indicates, the leaves usually have edges that are wavy. The plant is drought-deciduous, and its foliage usually disappears by late summer. Once established, Soap Plant requires virtually no care.

Indigenouse Peoples use the crushed bulbs and water to produce a lather for cleaning clothing and baskets. Soap plant is found in most of California except the desert regions and just into southwest Oregon. Wavy-leafed Soap Plant grows on rock bluffs, grasslands, chaparral, and in open woodlands.

Cobweb Thistle (Cirsium occidentale) is a beautiful non-weedy thistle that forms a rosette of gray woolly and spiny leaves the first year and flowers in summer of the second year with tall spikes of showy flowers.  These may be white to blood red to shades of purple.  The unopened flower heads are laced, often quite heavily, in fibers resembling cobwebs. 

This fast-growing perennial may remain short, at 2 feet,or tower to 9 feet.  t likes sunny areas with good drainage and little irrigation. It is deer resistant and attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Butterflies such as the painted lady and the Mylitta crescent depend on cobweb thistle as a larval food source.