Descurainia californica is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name Sierra tansymustard. This plant is native to western North America from California to Wyoming. It is a resident of varied habitats from mountain forest to sage scrub. This spindly mustardlike plant has a single thin stem which branches and may reach over half a meter in height. Its sparse leaves are divided into two to four pairs of dull green lobes each one to six centimeters long. The tiny bunched flowers at the tip of each stem are bright yellow. The fruit is a tiny podlike silique on a straight pedicel. Pedicels holding fruits stick out from the stem at intervals.

Descurainia incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name mountain tansymustard. It is native to much of North America, including most of Canada, the western United States, and Baja California. It is known from many types of habitat. It is a biennial herb with a slender, greenish, often hairy stem sometimes exceeding a meter tall. The leaves are narrowly to widely oval in shape, the lower ones lobed and sometimes compound, the upper generally unlobed. The mustardlike inflorescence is a series of developing fruits beneath an elongating cluster of small bright yellow flowers. The fruit is a thin, pointed silique up to 2 centimeters long.

Descurainia paradisa is a plant species native to eastern and northern California, southeastern Oregon, Box Elder County in northwestern Utah, and most of Nevada. It grows in shrub communities at elevations of 3,300-7,500 feet (1,000-2,300 m). Descurainia paradisa is an annual herb up to 14 inches (35 cm) tall. Stems are often purple, branching at the base and sometimes above ground. Leaves are up to 1. 2 inches (3 cm) long, pinnately lobed. Flowers are pale yellow, borne in a raceme. Fruits are egg-shaped, up to 0. 20 inches (5 mm) long.

Descurainia pinnata is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name western tansymustard. It is native to North America, where it is widespread and found in varied habitats. It is especially successful in deserts. It is a hardy plant which easily becomes weedy, and can spring up in disturbed, barren sites with bad soil. This is a hairy, heavily branched, mustardlike annual which is quite variable in appearance. There are several subspecies which vary from each other and individuals within a subspecies may look different depending on the climate they endure. This may be a clumping thicket or a tall, erect mustard. It generally does not exceed 70 centimeters in height. It has highly lobed or divided leaves with pointed, toothed lobes or leaflets. At the tips of the stem branches are tiny yellow flowers. The fruit is a silique one half to two centimeters long upon a threadlike pedicel. This plant reproduces only from seed. This tansymustard is toxic to grazing animals in large quantities due to nitrates and thiocyanates; however, it is a nutritious in smaller amounts. The flowers are attractive to butterflies. The seeds are said to taste somewhat like black mustard and were utilized as food by Native American peoples such as the Navajo.

Western bleeding heart or Pacific bleeding heart (Dicentra formosa) is a perennial in the Poppy family, commonly found in moist wooded areas from California to British Columbia. The plant features clusters of drooping, heart-shaped pink and white blooms on leafless stems, emerging from delicate, fern-like leaves.

This plant self-seeds readily and spreads quickly through its underground root system. After flowering in spring, it often goes dormant for the summer, then re-emerges and flowers again in autumn. It prefers shade in warmer areas and more sun in cooler regions of its range.

Western bleeding heart is well-suited for shady, moist garden environments, often used as a groundcover or in woodland settings. It provides visual interest with its distinctive heart-shaped blooms and delicate foliage, offering an attractive addition to a variety of garden designs. It also attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies.

Grows best in loamy, medium draining soil. Prefers part shade in coastal sites, and shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers part shade in coastal sites, and shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers part shade in coastal sites, and shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers part shade in coastal sites, and shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Pacific Bleeding Heart (Dicentra formosa ssp. formosa) is the more common subspecies of Dicentra formosa. It is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. Leaves are finely divided and fernlike, growing from the base of the plant. Flowers are pink, red, or white and heart-shaped and bloom in clusters at the top of leafless, fleshy stems above the leaves from mid-spring to autumn, with peak flowering in spring. The four petals are attached at the base. The two outer petals form a pouch at the base and curve outwards at the tips. The two inner petals are perpendicular to the outer petals and connected at the tip. There are two tiny, pointed sepals behind the petals. Seeds are borne in plump, pointed pods. The plant self-seeds readily. It frequently goes dormant for the summer after flowering, emerging and flowering again in autumn.

This species is frequently confused with and sold as Dicentra eximia, which has narrower flowers and longer, more curved outer petal tips. D. formosa is related to Lamprocapnos spectabilis, another popular plant called "bleeding heart", which was formerly placed in the same genus. There are two subspecies: Ssp. formosa has leaves glaucous beneath and never glaucous above, flowers purple pink to pink or white. It grows on the western slope of Sierra Nevada, Coast Ranges to central California, Cascades, extreme southwestern British Columbia. Ssp. oregana has leaves that are glaucous above and beneath, flowers cream or pale yellow. It grows in a small area of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon.

In warmers areas in its range, it prefers shade. In cooler areas in its range, it prefers more sun.

Oregon Bleeding Heart (Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in northern California. close to the Oregon border. Leaves are finely divided and fernlike, growing from the base of the plant. Flowers are pink, red, or white and heart-shaped and bloom in clusters at the top of leafless, fleshy stems above the leaves from mid-spring to autumn, with peak flowering in spring. The four petals are attached at the base. The two outer petals form a pouch at the base and curve outwards at the tips. The two inner petals are perpendicular to the outer petals and connected at the tip. There are two tiny, pointed sepals behind the petals. Seeds are borne in plump, pointed pods. The plant self-seeds readily. It frequently goes dormant for the summer after flowering, emerging and flowering again in autumn. Dicentra formosa subsp. oregona (often spelled oregana). It's leaves are glaucous above and beneath, flowers cream or pale yellow. It grows in a small area of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon.

Dicentra nevadensis is a species of flowering plant in Dicentra, the genus containing the bleeding-hearts. Its common names include Sierra bleeding-heart and Tulare County bleeding-heart. This wildflower is endemic to California, where it is known only from gravelly outcroppings in the Sierra Nevada peaks of Tulare and Fresno Counties. The plant has a short stem, and becomes visible as bunches of long petioles emerging from the ground, each with a leaf highly divided into lobes and pointy leaflets. Alongside the leaves are tall flower clusters, each holding a dangling bunch of dull whitish, pinkish, or yellowish-brown bleeding-heart flowers. Each hanging flower has a pair of curving petals which curl back to reveal the looping inner petals. When dried, the flowers turn black. The fruit is a capsule one or two centimeters long. This species is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the western bleeding-heart, Dicentra formosa.

Dicentra pauciflora is a species of flowering plant in Dicentra, the genus containing the bleeding-hearts. Its common names include shorthorn steer's head and few-flowered bleeding-heart. This perennial wildflower is native to the US states of Oregon and California, where it grows high in the mountains in gravelly soils. This is a short bleeding-heart, approaching 10 centimeters in maximum height. From a rhizome beneath the soil it extends several erect petioles, each holding a leaf divided into leaflets which are each divided into smooth, fingerlike lobes. It also erects a thin stem which is topped with an inflorescence of one to three nodding flowers. Each flower is a shade of pink or purple to white, with two curving outer petals flexed back against the flower, and inner petals extended straight outward. The fruit is a capsule just over a centimeter long.

Dicentra uniflora (longhorn steer's head) is a herbaceous perennial growing from a tuber, native to gravelly soils in mountains of the western United States. Height is up to 10 centimetres (4 in). Leaves are leaves are long-stalked and 3-times compound with rounded leaflets. Each leaflet is deeply divided. Height is up to 10 centimetres (4 in). Leaves are leaves are long-stalked and 3-times compound with rounded leaflets. Each leaflet is deeply divided. Flowers have pink to white petals tinged with light brown or purple. The two outer petals are bent back; the inner petals are fused at the tip. Seeds are borne in a capsule a little more than a 1 centimetre (0. 4 in) long.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Dichelostemma congestum is a species of flowering plant known by the common name ookow or fork-toothed ookow. This perennial wildflower is native to the hills and mountains of western North America. Its tall, thin, naked stem is topped with an flower cluster packed densely with six to 15 flowers, each about a centimeter wide and long, with usually six petal-like lobes in shades of bright purple. It was first published in 1811 as Brodiaea congesta.

Dichelostemma ida-maia is a species of flowering plant known as firecracker flower. It is native to northern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in mountain forests, woodlands, and coastal meadows. It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental plant for its showy crimson and cream flowers. This is a perennial herb growing from a corm which erects a tall, naked stem topped with an umbel of six to 20 flowers. Each flower is a cylindrical red tube two to three centimeters long. The tip of each flower lobe curls back to reveal a shiny white underside. The curls rim the mouth of the tubular flower in a corona, surrounding the small anthers and a stalked ovary. The flower hangs when it is in anthesis and holds itself erect as the fruit develops. One umbel may have some hanging flowers and some erect fruiting flowers at the same time.

Dichelostemma multiflorum is one of several species in the Themidaceae sometimes referred to as Wild Hyacinth. The genus Dichelostemma was previously included with Brodiaea, and some sources still refer to it by that name. This species is a native perennial herb that grows from a corm. It is found primarily in inland northern California, from Mariposa County northward, where it is found in grassy and open places at elevations from 0-5,000 feet. This species is somewhat less popular for garden use compared with others in the genus, but it is a good choice for mountain gardens in the Sierras and Cascades.

Dichelostemma volubile is a species of flowering plant known by the common names twining snakelily and twining brodiaea. This wildflower is endemic to the mountain foothills of California, where it grows in scrub and woodland. It grows tall, erect, naked stems topped with spherical flower clusters of up to 30 densely-packed pink flowers. Each flower is a tube up to a centimeter long with a spreading corolla of six petal-like lobes. The purplish or reddish stems may twine tightly around each other and occasionally other plants.

Machaeranthera asteroides (fall tansyaster) is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southwestern United States (California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California). Machaeranthera asteroides is a biennial or perennial herb with a woody taproot. It often grows in a clump of several stems. Ray florets in the flower heads are white or purple, and female. Disc florets are yellow and bisexual.

Machaeranthera canescens (syn. Dieteria canescens) is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names hoary tansyaster and hoary-aster. It is native to western and central North America, where it is a common plant in many regions and habitat types. It is a woolly-haired, hairy annual or perennial herb with one or more branching stems sometimes exceeding a meter in height. The linear to oblong leaves may reach 10 centimeters long near the base of the stems, their edges usually serrated or toothed. The flower cluster bears one or more flower heads lined with several layers of pointed, curling or curving phyllaries. The head has a center of many yellow disc florets and a fringe of blue or purple ray florets each 1 to 2 centimeters long. The fruit is an achene around 3 millimeters in length tipped with a pappus of long hairs.

Digitaria californica is a species of grass known by the common name Arizona cottontop. It is native to the Americas, where it can be found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. This perennial grass forms a clump of stems reaching up to a meter in height. The branching root system can reach one meter deep. There are no rhizomes or stolons. The leaf sheaths around the stems can be very hairy to woolly. The leaves are usually short and narrow. The inflorescence is a dense, narrow panicle containing pairs of woolly-haired spikelets.

Changeling monkey flower (Diplacus 'Changeling') is a semi-evergreen perennial shrub in the lopseed family (Phrymaceae), known for its ruffled, trumpet-shaped blossoms in soft orange, red, and cream hues. Each flower varies slightly in coloration as it matures, creating the distinctive and appealing “changeling” effect. This hybrid grows up to 3 feet tall and wide and does well in containers or garden beds.

Native monkey flowers are typically found in coastal cliffs, canyon slopes, and other disturbed areas below 3,000 feet in elevation. Plant this hybrid in full sun near the coast or light shade inland, in well-draining soil. Once established, it is drought adapted, although occasional summer water can help prevent full dormancy. Pinching back in fall or winter encourages fresh growth and more blooms, but avoid hard pruning, which the plant may not recover from.

Changeling monkey flower supports a wide range of pollinators. Bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds are all drawn to its vivid blooms. Painted lady and checkerspot butterflies also use the plant as a larval host.

Mimulus hybrid. Eleanor Monkeyflower is a horticultural selection by Yerba Buena Nursery from one of the native monkeyflowers of California. Eleanor forms a dense shrub about 3 feet tall and wide and takes sun on the coast and light shade inland. This selection makes a veritable bouquet all summer of buttery yellow flowers edged with white, with orange markings in the center. As with all monkeyflowers, consistent watering can hurt the plant; supplement its water for a month after planting time, then let it alone. A splash of water once or twice a month in the hottest parts of summer will allow Eleanor to keep its leaves all year. Cut back the whole plant to about 8" high after flowering, and give it a good deep watering. It will regrow and rebloom. Eleanor Monkeyflower is suitable for containers as well as flower borders, pathways, hummingbird and butterfly habitats. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Mimulus angustatus is a species of monkeyflower known by the common names purplelip pansy monkeyflower and narrowleaf pansy monkeyflower. It is endemic to California, where its distribution is scattered around the North Coast Ranges through the San Joaquin Valley and a section of the Sierra Nevada foothills. It grows in moist habitat in open areas, such as vernal pools and meadows, sometimes carpeting an open area with its tiny pink blooms. This is a petite annual herb growing in ground-level tufts with hair-thin stems barely a centimeter tall. Its herbage is green to reddish in color, the paired linear leaves spreading about 1 to 3 centimeters long. The tubular base of the flower is surrounded by a hairy greenish to red calyx of sepals. The flower corolla is pale to bright pink to reddish-purple with one or more large purple spots, and sometimes yellow markings, in the throat. The trumpet-like corolla may be several centimeters long, much longer than the stem on which it is borne. Research suggests that the population size of this wildflower is positively affected by disturbance of the soil it grows in, especially by the activity of pocket gophers; plants growing on disturbed soil have bigger flowers, fewer plant competitors, and more pollen on their stigmas from greater numbers of neighboring M. angustatus.

Diplacus aridus, is a species of monkeyflower with yellow blossoms. This species is native to Southern California and Baja California; in Baja California, M. aridus occurs in association with Daucus pusillus and Adiantum jordanii.

The bush monkey flower is notable for its cheerful orange and yellow blooms, said to resemble a monkey's face. It's also sometimes called sticky monkey flower because the leaves produce a protective sticky resin. It is a perennial subshrub with flowers that attract hummingbirds and bees.

This low-water plant tolerates a variety of soil types, as long as they are well-draining. In coastal areas, bush monkey flower likes full sun; plant in partial shade in inland gardens.

California sunrise bush monkey flower (Diplacus aurantiacus 'California sunrise') is a perennial flowering shrub in the Phrymaceae family, commonly known as the monkey flower or lopseed family.  It occurs throughout California, on rocky cliffs, hillsides, canyon slopes, disturbed areas, borders of chaparral and open forest below 5,000 feet in elevation. California sunrise bush monkey flower is a strikingly colored horticultural selection with flared light-maroon trumpets, bright peach to orange petals and a white throat striped with bright orange nectar guides.

Well-draining soil and careful summer watering will support fast growth. The shrub can be pruned but will not survive hard pruning.

Deer and other herbivores generally leave the slightly tacky foliage alone, but the flowers are a big hit with beneficial insects and hummingbirds. They attract pollinators with nearly year-round bloom in mild climates, providing an important source of nectar in winter and early spring when not much else is in full bloom. 

Horticultural selection from Diplacus aurantiacus. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites.

Diplacus bicolor is a species of monkeyflower known by the common name harlequin monkeyflower. It is endemic to the southern Sierra Nevada of California, where it grows in bare and disturbed habitat, such as roadsides and exposed slopes. This is an herb growing up to about 14 centimeters tall. The oval to linear leaves reach up to 2.3 centimeters long. The tubular base of the flower is encapsulated in a dark-ribbed calyx of hairy sepals with pointed lobes. The flower corolla is between 1 and 2 centimeters in length and may be pink or yellow. It generally has longitudinal stripes in the mouth.

Diplacus bigelovii is a species in the Phrymaceae (Lopseed) family known by the common name Bigelow's monkeyflower. It is native to the southwestern United States, where it grows in desert and slope habitat. This is a hairy annual herb producing an erect stem 2 to 25 centimeters tall. The plant is variable in size and shape as well as color, the herbage being green to nearly red in color. The pointed oval or rounded leaves are each up to 3.5 centimeters long and arranged in opposite pairs about the stem. The tubular base of the flower is surrounded by a reddish-green or purple ribbed calyx of hairy sepals with long lobe tips. The trumpet-shaped flower corolla is roughly one to two centimeters long and has a very narrow tube and a wide mouth. The corolla has two upper lobes and three lower, and is generally magenta or deep pink in color with darker red, purple, and yellow spots in the throat. This plant is seldom seen in the garden but is common in desert canyons in spring of good rainfall years.

Diplacus bolanderi is a species of monkeyflower known by the common name Bolander's monkeyflower. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the chaparral and other habitat in the coastal and inland mountains and foothills from the North Coast Ranges to the Sierra Nevada to the Transverse Ranges. This is a hairy annual herb producing an erect stem reaching maximum heights anywhere from 2 to 90 centimeters. The lance-shaped to oval leaves are up to 6 centimeters long and arranged in opposite pairs about the stem. The base of the flower is encapsulated by a hairy ribbed calyx of sepals with pointed lobes. The flower has a tubular throat and a wide, five-lobed mouth. It is 1 to 3 centimeters long and pink in color, usually with blotches of white in the throat.

Diplacus brevipes is a species of monkeyflower known by the common name widethroat yellow monkeyflower. It is native to the mountains and foothills of southern California and Baja California, where it grows in chaparral, especially open areas such as those recently cleared by wildfire. This is a hairy annual herb producing an erect stem reaching maximum heights anywhere between 5 and 80 centimeters tall. The paired opposite leaves are lance-shaped to oval and are up to 9 centimeters long. The tubular throat of the flower is encapsulated in a hairy calyx of sepals up to 2.5 centimeters long with pointed tips, some longer than others. The bright yellow flower corolla is up to 3 centimeters long with five lobes at the mouth, two on the upper lip and three on the lower.

Diplacus clevelandii (syn. Diplacus clevelandii) is an uncommon species of monkeyflower known by the common name Cleveland's bush monkeyflower. It is native to the Peninsular Ranges of southern California and Baja California, where it grows in chaparral and woodland habitat, including disturbed areas. It is a sturdy perennial herb producing a hairy erect stem up to 90 centimeters tall from a woody caudex. The hairy lance-shaped or oblong leaves are up to 10 centimeters long and oppositely arranged, often with smaller leaves growing in their axils. The tubular base of each flower is encapsulated in a hairy calyx of sepals over 2 centimeters long with long, pointed lobes. The flower corolla is bright yellow and up to 4 centimeters in length with a wide, five-lobed mouth.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Diplacus congdonii is a species of monkeyflower known by the common name Congdon's monkeyflower. It is endemic to California, where it has a scattered and localized distribution in the mountains and foothills between the North Coast Ranges and the Peninsular Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada foothills. It grows in moist spots on slopes and in canyons, sometimes in disturbed areas. It is endemic to California, where it has a scattered and localized distribution in the mountains and foothills between the North Coast Ranges and the Peninsular Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada foothills. It grows in moist spots on slopes and in canyons, sometimes in disturbed areas. Diplacus congdonii is a small, hairy annual herb producing a thin, erect stem no more than 10 centimeters tall. The herbage is purple-green in color. The paired opposite leaves are oval in shape, lined with hairs, and up to about 3 centimeters long. The plant bears narrow-throated, trumpet-shaped magenta flowers 1 to 3 centimeters long.

Diplacus cusickioides is a species of monkeyflower known by the common name Cusick's monkeyflower. It is native to the western United States, where it can be found in parts of the Pacific Northwest and Great Basin. It grows in moist spots in bare and scrubby habitat, rocky slopes and plateau. This is a hairy annual herb producing an erect stem up to about 24 centimeters tall. The pointed oval leaves are up to about 4. 5 centimeters long, the herbage green to reddish in color. The tubular base of the flower corolla is encapsulated in a hairy calyx of sepals with unequal pointed lobes at its mouth. The corolla is 2 to 3 centimeters long and pink in color with yellow blotches in the throat. This is a hairy annual herb producing an erect stem up to about 24 centimeters tall. The pointed oval leaves are up to about 4. 5 centimeters long, the herbage green to reddish in color. The tubular base of the flower corolla is encapsulated in a hairy calyx of sepals with unequal pointed lobes at its mouth. The corolla is 2 to 3 centimeters long and pink in color with yellow blotches in the throat.

Diplacus douglasii is a species of monkeyflower known by the common names brownies and purple mouse ears. It is native to the mountains and foothills of California and Oregon, where it is often found on serpentine soils. M. douglasii was first described in a published flora by George Bentham, an English botanist who was considered "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century,. " It was later described by Asa Gray, the father of North American botany. Diplacus douglasii occurs between 45 - 1200 meters elevation in the mountains and foothills of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Ranges in California and Oregon. It is also found in Southwestern Oregon, Central Western California, and in the Warner Mountains of CaliforniaM. douglasii is classified as a serpentine indicator and hence is most commonly found serpentine soils, but can also be found on bare clay or granitic soils. As a hydrophyte, it is generally found along the upper banks of small creeks, and is classified as a facultative wetland species. However, It is important to note that M. douglasii is equally likely to be found in wetland and non wetland habitats, also occurring in chaparral and foothill woodland communities. Diplacus douglasii flowers between February and April. Growing on serpentine soils, it has adaptations to survive conditions most plants can"t tolerate. Serpentine soils are known to be deficient in essential nutrients for plants. In addition to being low in essential plant nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, serpentine soils also have high levels of magnesium and heavy metals including nickel, cobalt and chromium, which are toxic to most plants.