Symphyotrichum defoliatum (formerly Aster bernardinus) is a species of aster known by the common name San Bernardino aster. It is endemic to Southern California, where it is known only from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains of the Transverse Ranges, and part of the Peninsular Ranges to the south. It grows in grassland and meadow habitat and in disturbed areas. This is a perennial herb growing from a long rhizome to a maximum height near one meter. Leaves are widely lance-shaped to oblong and pointed, the largest ones near the base of the stem reaching up to 12 centimeters long. The stem and leaves are roughly hairy. The inflorescence is an array of flower heads with many narrow white to light violet ray florets around a center of golden disc florets. The fruit is a hairy achene with a long pappus.

Leafy Aster (Aster foliaceus) is a native perennial herb that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the Warner Mountains region. It tends to grow in open places, at elevations from 4600-10500 feet.

Parry's Leafy Aster (Aster foliaceus var. apricus) is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 4600-10500 feet.

Symphyotrichum frondosum (formerly Aster frondosus) is a species of aster known by the common name short-rayed alkali aster. It is native to much of western North America from British Columbia and the Cascade Range, the Sierra Nevada, Transverse, and Peninsular Ranges in California, the Rocky Mountains, to Arizona and New Mexico, where it grows in wet habitat such as marshes and meadows, especially in alkaline or saline conditions. Symphyotrichum frondosum is an annual or occasionally perennial herb growing a leaning or erect stem to a maximum height between 20 and 60 centimeters. The leaves are a few centimeters long and oval in shape with rounded tips. The stem and leaves are mostly hairless. The inflorescence is a small array of flower heads containing many short pale pink or lavender ray florets and yellow disc florets. The fruit is a hairy achene with a bushy tawny pappus.

Symphyotrichum greatae (formerly Aster greatae) is a species of aster known by the common name Greata's aster. Symphyotrichum greatae is a colonizing perennial herb growing from a long rhizome. It produces upright to erect stems usually 50 to 120 centimeters tall, but known to approach two meters. The leaves are mostly oval in shape and pointed, the lowest ones up to 15 centimeters long. The leaves and parts of the stems are hairy. The inflorescence is an open array of flower heads amidst leaflike bracts. The flower head contains many pale violet to nearly white ray florets and a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is a hairy achene.

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (syn. Aster lanceolatus) is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is native to Canada and the United States. Common names include panicled aster, tall white aster, eastern line aster, lance-leaf aster, narrow-leaf Michaelmas daisy, and white-panicle aster.

Symphyotrichum lentum (formerly Aster lentus) is a species of aster known by the common name Suisun Marsh aster. Symphyotrichum lentum is similar in appearance to Symphyotrichum chilense, which may be found in the same area. It is a colonial perennial herb producing a hairless stem 40 to 150 centimeters tall from a long rhizome. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped, pointed, and up to 15 centimeters long near the base of the plant. The lower leaves wither by the time the plant flowers. The inflorescence is an open array of flower heads with a fringe of violet ray florets around a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is a hairy achene with a long white pappus.

Western Mountain Aster (Symphyotrichum spathulatum) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from - feet.

Western Mountain Aster (Symphyotrichum spathulatum var. spathulatum) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California.

Symphyotrichum subulatum (eastern annual saltmarsh aster or, in Britain and Ireland where it is naturalized, just annual saltmarsh aster) is an annual California desert plant in the sunflower family Asteraceae.

Dune Tansy (Tanacetum bipinnatum) is a native perennial herb in the Asteraceae (Sunflower) family that grows in Central and Northern California, primarily in the North Coast and Central Coast regions. It grows from a rhizome. The leaves are lacy and ferny. The inflorescence bears up to 15 flower heads, each about a centimeter wide. Each head contains many yellowish disc florets and many pistillate florets around the edges. The latter may have minute ray florets. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long which is tipped with a small pappus of toothed scales. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-1,000 feet, primarily in Coastal Strand habitat. It is hairy, glandular, and aromatic, with a camphor-like scent.

Taraxacum californicum, also known as the California dandelion, is an endangered species of dandelion endemic to the San Bernardino Mountains of California. It grows in mountain meadows. Taraxacum californicum is a small perennial wildflower which resembles its close relative, the widespread weed known as the common dandelion (T. officinale). T. californicum has green, red-veined, lobed, or toothed leaves and yellow flower heads yielding brown and white fruits.

Tauschia arguta is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name southern umbrellawort. It is native to the mountains of southern California and Baja California, where it grows in local habitat types such as woodlands and chaparral. Tauschia arguta is a perennial herb growing 30 to 70 centimeters tall. The leaves have blades which are divided into several toothed leaflets and borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of yellow flowers with up to 25 rays measuring 2 to 12 centimeters long each. The fruit is almost a centimeter long and has deep longitudinal ribs. Tauschia arguta is a perennial herb growing 30 to 70 centimeters tall. The leaves have blades which are divided into several toothed leaflets and borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of yellow flowers with up to 25 rays measuring 2 to 12 centimeters long each. The fruit is almost a centimeter long and has deep longitudinal ribs.

Tauschia glauca is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name glaucous umbrellawort, or glaucous tauschia. It is native to the forests of Oregon and northern California, where it can often be found on serpentine soils. It is a perennial herb growing 20 to 40 centimeters tall. The leaves have blades which are divided into three-lobed leaflets and borne on long, thin petioles. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of yellow flowers with up to 12 unequal rays measuring up to 6 centimeters long each. The fruit is rounded, ribbed, and only 2 or 3 millimeters long.

Tauschia hartwegii is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Hartweg's umbrellawort. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Sierra Nevada foothills and some of the Central Coast Ranges. Its habitat includes coniferous woodlands and chaparral. It is a perennial herb growing 30 centimeters to one meter tall. It is coated in short, rough hairs. The leaves have blades which are divided into oval leaflets with serrated edges and borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of yellow flowers with up to 30 unequal rays measuring 2 to 12 centimeters long each. The fruit is somewhat rounded in shape, ribbed, and under a centimeter long.

Tauschia howellii is a rare species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common names Howell's umbrellawort and Howell's tauschia. It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of far southern Oregon and far northern California, where it is limited to nine occurrences in the Siskiyou Mountains. It grows in mountain forests on gravelly granite soils, often among stands of Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis). Despite its rarity it is stable and not considered very endangered. It is a perennial herb growing 30 to 80 centimeters tall. It is hairless in texture. The thick leaves have blades which are divided into leaflets large, sharp teeth and edges curved up, and borne on long petioles. The short inflorescence is a compound umbel of yellow flowers on a few short rays. The fruit is oblong, ribbed, and just a few millimeters long.

Tauschia parishii is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Parish's umbrellawort. It is endemic to California. The plant occurs in several mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada, White and Inyo Mountains, the Tehachapi Mountains, the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains, the western Transverse Ranges, and the San Jacinto Mountains and other northern Peninsular Ranges. Its habitats include: chaparral, Yellow pine forest, Red fir forest, and Pinyon-juniper woodland. Descrioption. Tauschia parishii is a low-lying perennial herb growing 10 to 40 centimeters tall. The leaves have blades which are divided into elongated leaflets, which are subdivided into toothed or lobed segments. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of yellow flowers with 12 to 18 rays each a few centimters long. The fruit is oblong with prominent ribs and measures between one half and one centimeter long.

Taxus brevifolia (Pacific Yew or Western Yew) is a conifer native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. It ranges from southernmost Alaska south to central California, mostly in the Pacific Coast Ranges, but with an isolated disjunct population in southeast British Columbia, most notably occurring on Zuckerberg Island near Castlegar and south to central Idaho. It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, growing 10-15 meter tall and with a trunk up to 50 centimeter diameter, rarely more. In some instances, trees with heights in excess of 20 meters occur in parks and other protected areas, quite often in gullies. The tree is extremely slow growing, and has a habit of rotting from the inside, creating hollow forms. This makes it difficult to impossible to make accurate rings counts to determine a specimens true age. Often damaged by succession of the forest, it usually ends up in a squat, multiple leader form.

Tetradymia argyraea is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names striped cottonthorn and striped horsebrush. It is native to the desert mountains of the southwestern United States, particularly of California, Nevada, and Arizona, where it grows in desert woodland habitat. It is a woolly, spiny shrub growing one half to nearly two meters in maximum height. The erect stems are white-woolly except for bare stripes at intervals. The leaves are linear in shape and harden as they age, becoming spiny. The larger leaves are woolly and there are clusters of smaller, threadlike leaves which may be hairless. The inflorescence bears two to five flower heads which are each enveloped in five thick phyllaries coated in white woolly hairs. Each head contains five pale yellow flowers each around a centimeter long. Flowers are produced in summer, as late as September. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long tipped with a pappus of bristles.

Tetradymia axillaris is a flowering plant in the Asteraceae (Sunflower) family known by the common names Cotton Catclaw and Longspine Horsebrush. This is a plant of the sagebrush and desert plant communities of the southwestern United States. In California it is found from Mono County southward to Riverside County. The plant forms a sprawling thicket and is very spiny. The spine is a modified central leaf vein; the green leaves dry and their tissues fall away, leaving the veins as hard, sharp spines. When in foliage the bush has green, hairy stems and bears yellow rayless flowerheads in the axils, or angles, of the newest branches. The fruits are released in masses of cottony seed. The sharp spines were used as tattooing needles by the Kawaiisu Native Americans. This plant should be used away from traffic where the spines will not be a problem. This is a very different plant from Catclaw Acacia (Senegalia greggii) which is a legume that grows in the desert further south.

Spineless Horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens) is a native shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California. It is slow growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 4 feet, with active growth during the spring, summer, fall. Flowers are yellow and bloom in the late summer. Leaves are white-gray and deciduous. It tends to grow in saltbush, at elevations from 0-10000 feet.

Tetradymia comosa is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, known by the common name hairy horsebrush. The plant is native to the Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges in Southern California and northern Baja California. It grows in local chaparral and woodlands habitats, such as coastal sage scrub and montane chaparral and woodlands. Tetradymia comosa is a whitish woolly shrub growing 30 centimetres (12 in) to over 1 metre (3. 3 ft) tall. The leaves are lance-shaped and up to 6 centimeters long, becoming rigid as they age, sometimes with their tips hardening to spines. The inflorescence bears three to six flower heads which are each enveloped in five or six thick phyllaries coated in white woolly hairs. Each head contains five to nine yellow or brownish flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a small, hairy achene.

Tetradymia glabrata is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name littleleaf horsebrush. It is native to the western United States, especially the Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Its habitat includes sagebrush, woodlands, and scrub. It is an erect, bushy shrub growing to a maximum height over one meter, its stems coated unevenly in white woolly fibers with many bare strips. The narrow, pointed leaves are usually no more than a centimeter long and most occur in clusters along the branches. The inflorescence bears up to seven flower heads which are each enveloped in four woolly phyllaries. Each head contains four yellow cream flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a hairy, ribbed achene with a pappus of bristles. This species is the most toxic of the horsebrushes; it and spineless horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens) commonly cause illness and mortality in sheep due to the presence of furanoeremophilanes and other substances. It is especially toxic when consumed along with the black sagebrush (Artemisia nova).

Shortspine Horsebrush (Tetradymia spinosa) is a native shrub that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the Warner Mountains, the Modoc Plateau and Sierra Nevada East regions. It is slow growing and long-lived. It grows in a semi-upright form to a height of 3.2 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are yellow and striking, and bloom in the mid spring. Leaves are gray-green and deciduous. It tends to grow at elevations from 2600-7900 feet.

Tetradymia stenolepis is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Mojave cottonthorn. It is native to the deserts around the intersection of Arizona, Nevada, and eastern California, where it grows in woodland and scrub habitat on sandy and gravelly substrates. It is a bushy shrub with many branches coated in woolly white fibers and growing to a maximum height just over a meter. The narrow leaves are 2 or 3 centimeters long and harden into straight, sharp spines. Clusters of woolly leaves grow near the spines. The inflorescence bears up to 7 flower heads which are each enveloped in four or five woolly phyllaries. Each head contains up to four or five tubular yellow flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a hairy achene which may be nearly 2 centimeters long, including its pappus of long bristles.

Thalictrum alpinum is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names alpine meadow-rue and arctic meadow-rue. It is native to Arctic and alpine regions of North America and Eurasia, including Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland, and it occurs in cold, wet, boggy habitats in high mountains farther south. Alpine meadow-rue has a circumboreal distribution and is found in northern Europe and Asia, Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland as well as mountain ranges further south. Its natural habitat is tundra, open birch woodland, the banks of streams and rivers, the shores of lakes, alpine meadows and boggy areas. It is occasionally found on fens among and on the fringes of coniferous forests. Alpine meadow-rue is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing up to 5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 in) tall. The stems are erect and usually unbranched and leafless. Most of the leaves form a basal rosette, their compound blades are one to two pinnate and divided into small, triangular-ovate, scalloped leaflets. Each leaflet is longer than it is broad, slightly recurved, shiny dark green above and pale bluish-green below. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers that arches over as the flowers and fruit develop. Each flower has a bell-shaped calyx of green or purplish sepals bearing up to fifteen long purple stamens tipped with large yellow anthers. There is a single carpel and no petals. The fruit is a dry achene with longitudinal ridges and tipped with a bristle. This species is normally pollinated by wind while other species of meadow-rue are usually insect-pollinated. Distribution and habitat. Alpine meadow-rue has a circumboreal distribution and is found in northern Europe and Asia, Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland as well as mountain ranges further south. Its natural habitat is tundra, open birch woodland, the banks of streams and rivers, the shores of lakes, alpine meadows and boggy areas. It is occasionally found on fens among and on the fringes of coniferous forests.

Meadow Rue is a native perennial herb in the Ranunculaceae (Buttercup) family. However, it looks nothing like the conventional image of a Buttercup. It is widespread in Western North America. In California it is found in many locations including the Bay Area, central coast, Coast Ranges, Sierras, and coastal Southern California. It is found from sea level to 10,500 ft., most often in moist forest or woodland areas. It is a shade lover and works well with ferns and other shade plants. In warmer or drier areas it may go dormant in summer and die back to the ground, as some ferns do, but should recover with normal watering.

Fendler's Meadow Rue (Thalictrum fendleri var. fendleri) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in moist open places, at elevations from 3000-10500 feet.

Torrey's Meadow Rue is a perennial herb that grows in Southern, Central, and Northern California, especially in the Peninsular Ranges' Southern Oak Woodlands. It grows in moist places, often in colonies along stream courses and on shaded slopes in Oak Woodland and Mixed Evergreen Forest habitats.


Torrey's Meadow Rue is used in woodland and shade gardens as a perennial background plant. It has beautiful lacy blue-green foliage that unfurls from purplish shoots.
The tiny unisexual flowers are produced atop 2 - 4 ft. tall stalks on separate plants. The male flowers are showier with dangling cream-yellow colored stamens; the female flowers are clusters of greenish pistils.
It goes dormant in late summer when it is allowed to go dry.


This Meadow Rue is easy to grow, in part sun to shade. It grows with occasional to regular irrigation, and can be drought-tolerant once established.

Thalictrum occidentale is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common name western meadow-rue. It is native to northwestern North America from Alaska and western Canada to northern California to Wyoming and Colorado, where it grows in shady habitat types such as forest understory and more open, moist habitat such as meadows. Thalictrum occidentale is a perennial herb growing erect to a maximum height around a meter. It is hairless to lightly hairy and glandular. The leaves have compound blades divided into a few or many segments, often with three lobes, and are borne on long, slender petioles. The inflorescence is an upright or arching panicle of flowers with leaflike, lobed bracts often growing at the base. The species is dioecious, with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. The male flower has a bell-shaped calyx of four sepals in shades of greenish white or purple. From the calyx dangle many long, purple stamens tipped with large anthers. The female flower has a cluster of immature fruits tipped with styles in shades of purple. A cluster has 4 to 9, at times up to 14, fruits.

Thalictrum sparsiflorum is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common name fewflower meadow-rue. It is native to northwestern North America and parts of northeastern Asia. It grows in moist habitat, such as streambanks and forest understory. It is a perennial herb producing erect stems up to about a meter in maximum height. The leaves have compound blades divided into a few or many segments which are borne on long, slender petioles. The blades are usually finely hairy and glandular. The inflorescence is a leafy panicle of flowers. Unlike some other Thalictrum species which are dioecious, this species has bisexual flowers. Each has a calyx of five greenish sepals, and up to 20 light-colored dangling stamens tipped with large anthers. The flowers develop into compressed, beaked fruits.

Turpentinebroom (Thamnosma montana) is a native shrub that grows in Southern and Central California, primarily in the Desert Mountains, the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert regions. It is slow growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 2 feet, with active growth during the spring and fall. Flowers are purple and striking, and bloom in the early spring. Leaves are light-green and deciduous. It tends to grow in moist open places, at elevations from 0-2300 feet.

Thelypodium brachycarpum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names shortpod thelypody and short-podded thelypodium. It is native to parts of northern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in several types of habitat, including alkaline wetlands and serpentine soils. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect to a maximum height over one meter, the stem sometimes branching. The thick, waxy leaves may be divided into lobes, especially the largest basal leaves, which may reach 20 centimeters long. Leaves higher on the plant may clasp the stem at their bases.

Thelypodium crispum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name crisped thelypody. It is native to the mountains and plateaus of Nevada and eastern California, where it grows in areas with mineral-rich and alkaline soils, such as the margins of hot springs.

Thelypodium flexuosum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name nodding thelypody. It is native to the Great Basin and surrounding plateau habitat in the northwestern United States, from California and Nevada to Idaho. It grows in scrubby habitat among the shrubs of the sagebrush.

Thelypodium howellii, the Howell's thelypody or Howell's thelypodium, is a rare plant of the Western United States. It is endemic to a relatively small area on the borders of three western States: Oregon, Nevada, and California. The Thelypodium howellii plant is biennial. It is often somewhat hairy, especially near the base, but may be hairless and waxy in texture. It produces a slender, branching, erect stem up to 70 centimeters tall. The leaves are mostly located in a rosette around the base. Leaves located higher on the stem may have clasping bases. The inflorescence is a raceme of widely spaced flowers with greenish white or purplish sepals and pale blue or purple, spoon-shaped petals. The fruit is a silique up to 4. 5 centimeters long containing plump brown seeds. Subspecies. Thelypodium howellii subsp. howellii Thelypodium howellii subsp. spectabalis - Howell's spectacular thelypody. Distribution, habitat, and ecology. This plant is endemic to a small area stretching from north-eastern Oregon to north-eastern California. It lives in alkaline or adobe meadows and seeps, river valleys and moist plains in Great Basin sagebrush scrub. Howell's thelypody flowers from May to July. Var. spectabilis, known only from Malheur Co., Oregon, is larger than var. howellii, has larger, more strongly purple flowers, and is a federally listed species.

Thelypodium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names entireleaved thelypody and foxtail thelypodium. It is native to much of the western United States, including the Great Basin and surrounding plateaus and deserts. It occurs in several types of habitat, often growing in sandy, mineral-rich, and alkaline soils, such as those on playas. Thelypodium integrifolium is a biennial herb producing a hairless, waxy stem with a thick, sturdy base, unbranched or branching toward the top and sometimes becoming quite tall, approaching three meters in maximum height. The thick, waxy leaves are not compound or lobed, having smooth edges. The largest basal leaves may exceed 30 centimeters in length. Leaves higher on the plant are shorter and are smooth-edged or toothed. The inflorescence is a dense, cylindrical, spikelike raceme of white or purplish flowers. The fruit is a silique which may be 8 centimeters long. Subspecies. There are five subspecies:T. i. ssp. affine - white petals - Mojave Desert (California), Great Basin. T. i. ssp. complanatum - mainly limited to the Great Basin; generally with lavender petals. T. i. ssp. gracilipes - native to the Four Corners regionT. i. ssp. integrifolium - widespread in the northern distribution of the speciesT. i. ssp. longicarpum - endemic to Arizona, where it is known only from the Grand Canyon and vicinity

Thelypodium laciniatum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name cutleaf thelypody. It is native to western North America, particularly the Great Basin and surrounding plateau and foothill habitat, where it grows in sagebrush, scrub and rocky hillsides. Thelypodium laciniatum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, sometimes exceeding one meter in height. The stems are hairless, solid, and often waxy in texture. The thick green basal leaves have blades divided into several lance-shaped lobes or segments; leaves higher on the plant are smaller and less divided. Thelypodium laciniatum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, sometimes exceeding one meter in height. The stems are hairless, solid, and often waxy in texture. The thick green basal leaves have blades divided into several lance-shaped lobes or segments; leaves higher on the plant are smaller and less divided. The large inflorescence is a dense, spikelike raceme of mustardlike flowers with whitish or pale lavender petals. The fruit is a narrow, cylindrical silique up to 10 to 14 centimeters long. In fruit the raceme is covered in the siliques, which curve or stick straight out like whiskers.

Thelypodium milleflorum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names manyflower thelypody and many-flowered thelypodium. It is native to western North America, particularly the Great Basin and surrounding plateau, desert, and foothill habitat, where it grows in sagebrush and scrub. Thelypodium milleflorum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, often approaching two meters in height. The stems are hairless, sometimes hollow and inflated, and often waxy in texture. The basal leaves have oblong to lance-shaped blades with toothed edges, and sometimes divided into segments. Thelypodium milleflorum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, often approaching two meters in height. The stems are hairless, sometimes hollow and inflated, and often waxy in texture. The basal leaves have oblong to lance-shaped blades with toothed edges, and sometimes divided into segments. The large inflorescence is a dense, spikelike raceme of mustardlike flowers with white petals. The fruit is a narrow, flat silique up to 8 to 10 centimeters long.

Thelypodium stenopetalum is a rare species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names slenderpetal thelypody, slender-petaled thelypodium and slender-petaled mustard. It is endemic to the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, where it is known from only three or four extant occurrences in moist mountain meadows near Big Bear Lake. Its remaining habitat is considered seriously threatened and the plant is a federally listed endangered species in the United States. Thelypodium stenopetalum is a biennial herb producing decumbent stems up to about 80 centimeters long. The branching stems are hairless, waxy in texture, and greenish to purple in color. The basal leaves have thick, oblong to lance-shaped blades up to 15 centimeters long with smooth or rippled edges. Leaves higher on the plant have much smaller blades which may clasp the stem at their bases. The inflorescence is an erect, open raceme of widely spaced flowers. The petals are usually lavender, or occasionally white, and are narrow and linear in shape, sometimes crinkled. The fruit is a narrow, cylindrical silique up to 5 centimeters long. This plant is threatened by the destruction of its very limited mountain meadow habitat, which is being claimed for development and degraded by recreation, grazing, and introduced weedy plants. Changes in hydrology and soil quality impact the plant. Much of its historical habitat is thought to have disappeared when the Big Bear Dam was built over a century ago, expanding Big Bear Lake by flooding adjacent land. Thelypodium stenopetalum can sometimes be found growing near pebble plain habitat, which contains several other rare plant species. This mustard is a food plant for the larva of the rare endemic Andrew's marble butterfly (Euchloe hyantis andrewsi).

California Goldenbanner (Thermopsis californica) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in disturbed or recently burned places, at elevations from 0-6900 feet.

Slender Falselupine (Thermopsis macrophylla var. venosa) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the North Coast, the Klamath Mountain Range and North Coast Range regions. It tends to grow in open grassy and sandy places and open ridges, at elevations from 1000-5000 feet.

Thermopsis macrophylla is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names Santa Inez goldenbanner and Santa Ynez false-lupine. It is endemic to Santa Barbara County, California, where there are 500 to 2500 individuals remaining in the Santa Ynez Mountains. Only two occurrences have been confirmed recently, but the appearance of plants in coming seasons will depend on wildfire activity in the region, because plants spring up from the dormant seed bank after fire. All the known populations occur on wildlands within the Los Padres National Forest. The plant grows in chaparral on sandstone soils among chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), Eastwood's manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa), and chaparral whitethorn (Ceanothus leucodermis). This species once included several other species of Thermopsis, but in 1994, the others were separated out and elevated to species status, and the name T. macrophylla was applied to this rare variety limited to the Santa Ynez Mountains. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing up to 2 meters tall and one wide. It produces up to ten inflorescences each bearing up to 100 bright yellow flowers up to 2 centimeters long each. The fruit is a legume pod containing six to eight seeds. The seeds have very hard coats and must be scarified by fire until they reach 80 degreesC if they are to germinate.