Polygonum sawatchense is a North American species of plants in the buckwheat family. It in the western United States and western Canada, from the Pacific Coast to the western Great Plains, so from British Columbia south to California and east as far as New Mexico, Colorado, Saskatchewan, and the Dakotas. Polygonum sawatchense is a branching, hairless herb up to 50 cm (20 in) tall. Leaves are narrow, up to 45 mm (1. 8 in) long. Flowers are green, red, or white, in elongated arrays.

Polygonum shastense is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common name Shasta knotweed. It is native to sections of southwestern Oregon, northwestern Nevada, and northern and central California, where it grows in rocky and gravelly mountainous habitat up to 3300 meters (11,000 feet) elevation. It is most common in the Sierra Nevada. The species name refers to its occurrence on Mount Shasta in Shasta County, California. Polygonum shastense is a rather elegant small perennial shrub producing branching tough, gnarled brown stems reaching a maximum length of 40 centimeters (16 inches), growing prostrate along the ground or somewhat upright. The bases of old plants can be wide, woody and gray (see image above left). Polygonum shastense is a rather elegant small perennial shrub producing branching tough, gnarled brown stems reaching a maximum length of 40 centimeters (16 inches), growing prostrate along the ground or somewhat upright. The bases of old plants can be wide, woody and gray (see image above left). The leaves lining the slender but rough stems are uniform in size and distribution, not clustered or reduced in size near stem tips. They are lance-shaped with two parallel veins separating three raised areas on the upper surface (see closeup at left), each leaf measuring 5 to 8 millimeters (0. 20-0. 32 inches) long. Leaves emerge curled slightly and folded in half lengthwise. Leaves have stipules which are widened into membranous ochrea wrapped around the leaf bases. Flowers occur in clusters in upper leaf axils. Each is just under a centimeter wide and has five rounded petals, either white with a green stripe or pink with a dark stripe. There are 5-8 stamens and a triangular pistil with a 3-lobed style. Plants may have either all white, all pink, or a mixture of flower colors.

Polygonum spergulariiforme is a North American species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family known by the common name spurry knotweed or fall knotweed. It grows in western Canada (British Columbia and Saskatchewan) and the western United States (primarily Washington, Oregon, and northern and central California but with a few isolated populations in Idaho, Wyoming and Montana). Polygonum spergulariiforme is a green, branching herb up to 50 cm (20 in) tall. Leaves are narrow, up to 6 cm (2. 4 in) long. Flowers are pink or white, in dense, elongated clumps. The plant flowers from June to October, later than some of its relatives.

California Polypody (Polypodium californicum) is a native fern that grows in northern, southern and central California, primarily along the coast, foothills and coastal mountains. It tends to grow in canyons, streambanks and north facing slopes, at elevations from sea level to 4,000 feet. It spreads slowly by rhizome. In areas that are wet year round it may stay evergreen; in areas of summer dryness it will become deciduous. It is one of the more popular native ferns for shade gardens.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers shade in coastal sites, and shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Polypodium calirhiza is a species of fern in the polypody family. Its common names include nested polypody and habit polypody. It is found in California, Oregon, and Mexico. The leaflets on each leaf are broad and oval-shaped, coming to a dull point. This fern is sometimes epiphytic. The name of this species is a conflation of Polypodium californicum and Polypodium glycyrrhiza, because this species arose as a hybrid between those two species.

Polypodium glycyrrhiza (many-footed fern, sweet root), commonly known as licorice fern, is an evergreen fern native to western North America. They thrive in a humid climate, prevailing in areas with cool and moist summers and warm and wet winters. Found at elevations <2000 feet It grows primarily in a narrow strip in southern Alaska, southwestern Yukon Territory, western British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California, though two highly disjunct populations are known from Idaho and Arizona. It can often be found growing on the trunks and branches of deciduous trees, particularly bigleaf maple. The fern can also be found on rocks, logs, and wet, mossy humus. Licorice fern acquires its name from its licorice-flavored rhizome, which was chewed for flavor by numerous Native American groups, including the Swxw7mesh, Shishalh, Comox, Nuxalk, Haida, and Kwakwaka'wakw. The rhizomes were also usually used medicinally as a treatment for the cold and sore throats. Reproduction and life cycle: Uses its spores on the underside of its leaves, releasing them in cool weather and high humidity.

Polypodium hesperium is a species of fern known by the common name western polypody. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California, and the Rocky Mountains to northern Mexico, where it grows in rocky habitat types. This is an allopolyploid species of hybrid origin, its parent species being Polypodium glycyrrhiza and Polypodium amorphum. This polypody anchors with a thin, scaly rhizome. It produces oblong leaves 25 to 35 centimeters in maximum length and 7 in width. Each leaf is made up of many dull-pointed linear or lance-shaped segments which may be thin and membranous or firm and leathery in texture, and smooth or serrated on the edges. The underside of each leaf segment has a few brownish, reddish, or nearly black sori, which contain the spores.

Leathery Polypody (Polypodium scouleri) is a native fern that grows along the coast primarily in northern and central California, from Santa Barbara County northward, and on Santa Cruz Island. It tends to grow in fog drip or saltspray zones, at elevations from sea level to 2,000 feet. It is quite often seen growing on trees or fallen logs and spreads slowly by rhizomes. It is an attractive fern for shaded areas.

Polystichum californicum is a species of fern known by the common name California sword fern. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California, where it occurs in the coastal mountain ranges and the Cascade Range through the Sierra Nevada. Its habitat includes forest understory and open rocky slopes. This fern produces several arching or erect leaves up to a meter long. Each lance-shaped leaf is made up of many sharp-toothed segments. The undersides bear rounded sori which contain the spores. This fern arose as a hybrid between other Polystichum species and readily forms hybrids of its own.

Polystichum dudleyi is a species of fern known by the common name Dudley's sword fern. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the forests of the central and southern California Coast Ranges. The Polystichum dudleyi fern produces several arching leaves up to a meter-3 feet long. Each lance-shaped leaf is made up of many lance-shaped leaflets which are deeply divided into smaller segments. The Polystichum dudleyi fern produces several arching leaves up to a meter-3 feet long. Each lance-shaped leaf is made up of many lance-shaped leaflets which are deeply divided into smaller segments.

Polystichum imbricans is a species of fern known by the common names narrowleaf swordfern and imbricate sword fern. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to southern California, where it grows in rocky habitat in coastal and inland mountain ranges and foothills. This fern produces several erect linear or lance-shaped leaves up to 80 centimeters long. Each leaf is made up of many narrow, overlapping, sometimes twisting leaflets each 2 to 4 centimeters long. The leaflets have toothed edges. This fern readily forms hybrids, some of which are fertile and are considered separate species, such as Polystichum californicum, its hybrid with P. dudleyi.

Polystichum kruckebergii is a species of fern known by the common names Kruckeberg's sword fern and Kruckeberg's hollyfern. It is native to western North America from Alaska to Utah to California, where it grows in rocky mountain habitat in subalpine and alpine climates. This fern produces several narrow, erect leaves 10 to 25 centimeters long. Each leaf is made up of many oval to triangular leaflets, each no more than about 1. 5 centimeters long. The leaflets overlap and are somewhat twisted in their axes. Their edges are cut or toothed, the teeth sometimes tipped with spines.

Polystichum lemmonii is a species of fern known by the common names Lemmon's holly fern and Shasta fern. It is native to western North America from the Sierra Nevada of California north to Washington. It is also known from British Columbia, where there is a single occurrence in the mountains above the Okanagan Valley. It grows in mountainous habitat on ultramafic rock substrates, often in serpentine soils. This fern produces several narrow, erect lance-shaped leaves 10 to 35 centimeters long. Each leaf is made up of many oval leaflets which are overlapping, folded, and twisted such that the leaves may appear almost cylindrical. Their edges are cut or toothed.

Polystichum lonchitis is a species of fern known by the common name northern hollyfern, or simply holly-fern. It is native to much of the Northern Hemisphere from Eurasia to Alaska to Greenland and south into mountainous central North America. It grows in moist, shady, rocky mountain habitat. This fern produces several erect linear leaves up to 60 centimeters long. Each leaf is made up of many lance-shaped to oblong leaflets up to 3 or 4 centimeters long, the longest ones occurring distal to the midpoint of the leaf, the basal leaflets smaller and triangular in shape. The leaflets have toothed and often spiny edges. Media related to Polystichum lonchitis at Wikimedia Commons

Western sword fern (Polystichum munitum) is a large evergreen fern with dark green fronds that grow in a tight clump, spreading out radially from a round base. It grows up to 6 feet tall and 5 feet wide and is moderate to fast growing. Individual fronds live for 1.5-2.5 years and remain attached to the base after withering.

It is excellent as an ornamental groundcover for shade. Plant in partial to full shade and give moderate to regular water. It prefers well-draining, rocky, acidic soil but can tolerate clay.

This plant attracts butterflies and hosts a likely total of 3 species of butterfly and moth. It is deer and rabbit resistant.

Polystichum scopulinum is a species of fern known by the common names mountain hollyfern and rock sword fern. It is native to much of western North America, and it is known from disjunct occurrences in eastern Canada, as well. It grows in rocky habitat, often in full sun. It is widespread but mostly found in small populations, and is noted to be most abundant on serpentine soils. This fern produces several erect, narrowly lance-shaped leaves up to 50 centimeters in length. The leaves narrow near the bases. Each leaf is divided into many lance-shaped or oblong leaflets up to 3 centimeters long. The toothed leaflets are sometimes twisted on their axes and overlapping.

Populus angustifolia is a species of poplar tree known by the common names Narrowleaf Cottonwood and Willow-leaved Poplar. This tree is native to the Great Basin in the United States where it is most often found by streams and creeks at some elevation. The tree is slim in profile, with yellow-green lance-shaped leaves-(lance-shaped), with scalloped margins. The catkins are fluffy and white. The buds are sticky and gummy and were enjoyed as a sort of chewing gum by local Native American peoples, including the Apache and Navajo.

Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is a fast-growing native shade tree found in alluvial bottomlands and along streamsides at elevations from 0 to 6,500 feet. It thrives in moist soils with plenty of sunlight and is known for its striking, heart-shaped leaves that shimmer in the wind.

This tree is tough and easy to grow, reaching up to 100 feet tall and 35 feet wide when well-watered. It can grow 10–20 feet in a single year, making it ideal for large spaces but unsuitable for small gardens. Due to its invasive roots, it should not be planted near lawns or structures.

Often, only male trees are sold to avoid the "cotton" produced by female trees. Fremont cottonwood is ecologically important, providing habitat and food for birds and butterflies.

Grows best in loamy, medium draining soil. Selection (male) for the garden.

Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii) is a native tree that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in alluvial bottomplands and streamsides, at elevations from 0-6500 feet.

Populus tremuloides is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America. The species is referred to as Quaking Aspen, Trembling Aspen, and Quakies, names deriving from its leaves which flutter in even a slight breeze. The tree can become tall, up to 25 meters, but is more often half that height, with smooth pale bark scarred with black. The glossy green leaves, dull beneath, become golden to yellow, rarely red, in Autumn. The species rarely flowers, often propagating through its roots to form large clonal groves. The quaking or trembling of the leaves is due to its flattened petioles. The specific epithet, tremuloides, is given for this trembling characteristic. Other species of Populus have petioles flattened partially along their length, while the Quaking Aspen's are flattened from side to side along the entire length of the petiole. This quaking of the leaves produces a soft sound that many consider a hallmark of the Quaking Aspen. It can be found in many parts of North America. In California it is most common in the Sierras and other high elevation mountains. Nurseries usually sell only male plants because female plants can produce large amounts of cottony seeds. Unless you have acreage, use caution in planting this tree because it will send out suckers long distances to quickly form a dense grove that will fill in any moist area. There are usually few understory plants in Quaking Aspen groves.

Black Cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa) is a native tree that grows in northern, southern and central California. It is fast growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 100 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are yellow and bloom in the mid spring. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It tends to grow in alluvial bottomplands and streamsides, at elevations from 0-9000 feet. Tough and easy to grow as long as it is in sun, near a water sources and has very good drainage. Black Cottonwood is a great choice to help build a natural irrigation system - its long shallow roots will reach out to the water source and pull underground water molecules through your garden. It needs moist soil until mature, and then becomes moderately drought tolerant.

Porophyllum gracile is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names odora and slender poreleaf. It is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States from California to Texas, where it can be found in rocky and sandy desert scrub habitat. This species grows into a small, short lived perennial shrub with branching slender stems measuring up to about 70 centimeters in maximum length. The stems are hairless and waxy in texture. The sparse waxy leaves are linear in shape and 1 to 5 centimeters in length. The herbage is glandular and aromatic with a strong scent.

Porterella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the bellflower family containing the single species Porterella carnosula, which is known by the common name fleshy porterella, or simply porterella. It is native to the western United States from California to Wyoming, where it grows in moist spots, such as ponds or wet grasslands, sometimes just at the edge of the water or partially submerged. It is an annual herb producing an erect stem to a maximum height around 30 centimeters. The leaves along the stem are oval or triangular, those growing beneath the surface of the water more triangular in shape. They measure up to 1. 5 centimeters long by half a centimeter wide. The inflorescence bears showy flowers which are quite similar in appearance to those of some species in sister genus Downingia. Each has a narrow tubular throat opening into a wide corolla with two narrow pointed upper lobes and three wider, rounded lower lobes each with a small tooth. The upper lobes are deep blue, and the lower lobes are a similar shade with an area of white and bright yellow near the throat. The stamens are fused into a single unit tipped with tiny toothlike anthers.

Portulaca halimoides is a species of purslane known by the common name silkcotton purslane. It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, as well as parts of Central and South America. It is a fleshy annual herb producing a branching stem spreading to a maximum length around 25 centimeters. It is often pink or red in color and there are strands of woolly hairlike trichomes at nodes along the stem and within the inflorescence. The thick, cylindrical, blunt-tipped leaves are up to 2 centimeters in length and green to red in color. Flowers occur in clusters of up to 10 at the tips of the stem branches. Each is a few millimeters wide with yellow petals which are sometimes hidden under the two fused, fleshy red sepals. The fruit is a tiny capsule which contains several seeds. The grainlike seeds may be black, grayish, or silvery in color.

Potamogeton alpinus is a species of perennial aquatic plant known by the common names alpine pondweed and red pondweed. It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in both rivers and lakes with good water quality. Red pondweed is native to much of the Northern Hemisphere, including Asia (Afghanistan, China (Heilongjiang), India (Assam), Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, Estonia, France including Corsica, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain (Pyrenees), Sweden, Switzerland), Greenland, Canada, and the northern United States, especially the Rockies. Potamogeton alpinus generally grows in neutral to mildly acid (but not very base-poor) water bodies such as lakes, slow-moving rivers and streams, and ponds. P. alpinus needs a deep fine substrate such as sand, silt or peat to root in and appears to avoid exposed situations. It is, mainly restricted to fairly nutrient-poor waters.

Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water. This perennial plant grows from rhizomes and produces a very slender, cylindrical, sometimes spotted stem up to a meter or so long. The leaves take two forms. Submersed leaves are up to 20 centimeters long by 7 wide and may be folded along their midribs. The submersed leaves have more veins than do those of other pondweed species, up to 49. Floating leaves are up to 10 centimeters long by 5 wide, leathery in texture, and borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a spike of many flowers rising above the water surface on a thick peduncle.

Potamogeton berchtoldii, common name small pondweed is an aquatic plant. Potamogeton berchtoldii is native to Europe (including Britain, Ireland, continental Europe, Scandinavia), the Middle East, North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Bhutan, China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Uzbekistan), Asia Minor and the Middle East (Iraq, Iran, Turkey). Ecology and Potamogeton berchtoldii has a wide ecological tolerance, growing in lakes, ponds, ditches, slow-flowing streams and rivers, temporary pools and sometimes appearing in artificial habitats such as cattle troughs. It is a good colonist and may quickly exploit new habitat. The production of large numbers of both turions and seed likely allows it to quickly exploit new or disturbed habitat, but in stable environments it is likely to be outcompeted by more robust plants. In Britain, small pondweed is common and widespread. It is probably under-recorded due to its relatively small size and confusion with P. pusillus. Although it does not occur in very acid environments, small pondweed is otherwise tolerant of a wide range of water chemistry and seems able to survive in eutrophic conditions. However, it is less tolerant of high nutrient levels than the related and very similar P. pusillus. It is the only British fine-leaved pondweed likely to be encountered in oligotrophic lakes, where it generally grows in deeper water with Isoetes and Nitella spp. Small pondweed is not in cultivation, though it is likely to spontaneously colonise new ponds, probably via waterfowl. It is unlikely to persist for long in this environment, however, unless competing plants are regularly cleared. Its small stature and noninvasive habit make it suitable for growing in a pond or aquarium.

Potamogeton diversifolius is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names waterthread pondweed and diverse-leaved pondweed. It is native to most of the United States, as well as sections of southwestern Canada and northern Mexico, where it grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow-moving streams. This is a perennial herb producing a very narrow, compressed stem branching to a maximum length around 35 centimeters. It has thin, pointed linear leaves a few centimeters long spirally arranged about the thin stem. The inflorescence is a small spike of flowers emerging from the water surface. Inflorescences also grow on submersed sections of the stem; these are smaller and spherical.

Potamogeton epihydrus is a perennial aquatic plant known by the common name ribbonleaf pondweed, Nuttall's pondweed (not to be confused with Elodea nuttallii) or in Britain and Ireland American pondweed. It is native to much of North America, where it grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow-moving streams. Ribbonleaf pondweed is predominantly a North American species, and is widespread in boreal and temperate North America. Its centre of distribution is the northeastern USA and southeastern Canada from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes, and on the Pacific seaboard from northern California to British Columbia. However, there are scattered populations in Alabama and Louisiana, Alaska, Wyoming, Montana and central Canada. There are also two isolated populations in Britain, where it was identified as recently as 1944. Ribbonleaf pondweed generally grows in shallow, standing to slow-flowing standing and running waters at up to 1900 m altitude. It tolerates acid waters as low as pH 5 and has a preference for oligotrophic, soft water conditions. Nevertheless, liming experiments suggest that ribbonleaf pondweed is sensitive to severe acidification. P. epihydrus is a poor disperser relative to many other aquatic plants occurring in Connecticut lakes. Ribbonleaf pondweed is generally common and widespread in North America. However, it is listed as Endangered in Indiana and Special Concern in Tennessee. In Britain it is Nationally Rare and listed as Vulnerable. British populations lack detectable genetic variation, suggesting a strong founder effect. P. epihydrus is not in cultivation, but would be worth attempting to grow. Its fairly small size, ribbon-like underwater leaves and scattered floating leaves could be effectively used in a garden pond, tub or stream. Introduced populations in Britain have not proved invasive, so there is little chance of it becoming problematic. Like other pondweeds, it needs to be planted with the root in contact with a suitable substrate such as aquatic compost.

Potamogeton foliosus is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name leafy pondweed. It is native to nearly all of North America and parts of Central America, where it grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow-moving streams. It has been reported from every state in the United States except Hawaii as well as from every Canadian province and territory except Newfoundland and Nunavut. Potamogeton foliosus is a perennial herb growing from a dense, mat-forming rhizome that anchors in wet substrate. It produces a thin, compressed, multibranched stem growing to a maximum length around 75 centimeters. The delicate, hairlike leaves are up to 10 centimeters long. They are pale green to olive green or reddish in color. The inflorescence is a small cluster or spike of flowers arising from the water on a short peduncle. Turions are sometimes present.

Potamogeton gramineus is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name various-leaved pondweed, variableleaf pondweed, grass-leaved pondweed or grassy pondweed, native to the northern hemisphere where it grows in shallow, clean water. Potamogeton gramineus is native to much of the Northern Hemisphere, with a Holarctic distribution. It occurs in northern Europe (Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland, France, Poland, Russia, the Baltic States), Greenland, North America (USA except for the southeast, Canada). There are outlying populations in southern Europe (Iberia, Corsica, Italy), Caucasus, Pyrenees and western USA. This is an aquatic perennial growing from a creeping rhizome that anchors in wet substrate. It produces thin, cylindrical, heavily branching stems usually less than a metre in length.

Potamogeton illinoensis, commonly known as Illinois pondweed or shining pondweed, is an aquatic plant. It provides food and cover for aquatic animals. It is generally not weedy in its native range, but it is a troublesome noxious weed in Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina, where it is an introduced species.

Potamogeton natans L. (Broad-leaved Pondweed, Floating Pondweed, Floating-leaf pondweed) is an aquatic species in the genus Potamogeton native to quiet or slow-flowing freshwater habitats throughout the Holarctic Kingdom. It produces both floating and submersed leaves on the same plant. The floating leaves are ovate to oblong-ovate and almost always heart-shaped at the base. They are dark green, leathery, opaque, with translucent longitudinal veins. They are 5 to 10 centimeter long, pointed at the tips, and rounded at the base.

Potamogeton nodosus is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names longleaf pondweed and Loddon pondweed. It is native to Eurasia and the Americas, where it is widespread and can be found in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams. This is a perennial herb producing a thin, branching stem easily exceeding a meter in maximum length. The leaves are linear to widely lance-shaped and up to 15 centimeters long by 4 wide. Both floating leaves and submerged leaves are borne on long petioles, a distinguishing characteristic. The inflorescence is a spike of many small flowers arising from the water on a peduncle.

Potamogeton praelongus, commonly known as whitestem pondweed in North America and Long-stalked Pondweed in Britain, is a large, perennial aquatic plant in the family Potamogetonaceae. It is widely distributed in lakes and rivers in the northern hemisphere, but is sensitive to poor water quality. Potamogeton praelongus has a Holarctic distribution, occurring in northern Europe (Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland, France, Poland, Russia, the Baltic States), Greenland, Asia (Siberia, China, Korea, Japan), North America (northern USA, Canada). There are outlying populations in the Caucasus, Pyrenees and western USA. Ecological Requirements and Ecological Requirements. P. praelongus requires clear, deep water with at least some basic influence, and rarely grows in water less than 1 m deep. In Britain is usually found in lakes with limestone, marl or basalt geology, and it is absent from acidic lakes such as are common in Wales. It also occurs in slow-flowing rivers and disused canals. Long-stalked pondweed tends to be a rather rare plant within its range; for example, in a study of more than 3,500 British lakes, it occurred in only 88, most of which had low-moderate alkalinity and were dominated by isoetids. The seeds require a cold period to encourage germination.

Potamogeton pusillus is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names small pondweed, lesser pondweed or least pondweed. It occurs in standing and slow-flowing freshwater habitats throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Lesser pondweed is widely distributed globally, occurring across most of Europe (including Scandinavia) and North America. It is reported from scattered locations in Central and Southeast Asia and is widespread in China. It is also widespread in South America and Africa. Ecology and Lesser pondweed grows in standing or slow-flowing water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, slow-moving streams, and river backwaters. It is a lowland plant and requires calcareous water, with a marked preference for high nutrient levels, and may form extensive beds in favourable situations, growing with other nutrient-tolerant species such as Myriophyllum spicatum and Zannichellia palustris. It is tolerant of turbid water and is a good colonist, often exploiting temporary or disturbed habitats such as livestock drinking ponds, canals and ditches. In lakes it is very tolerant of eutrophication and the resulting competition from phytoplankton and periphyton, and is often one of the last submerged plants to disappear.

Potamogeton richardsonii is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name Richardson's pondweed. It is native to much of northern North America, including all of Canada and the northern and western United States. It grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams. This perennial herb grows a narrow, mostly unbranched stem from a mat of rhizomes in the substrate. It reaches about a meter in maximum length. The leaves are up to 13 centimeters long and about 3 wide with crinkly pointed or rounded tips. The inflorescence is a spike of flowers arising from the water surface on a peduncle.

Potamogeton robbinsii, commonly known as Robbins' pondweed, is a North American perennial herb. It is found in "deep to shallow, quiet, often muddy waters of lakes, ponds, and rivers. "

Potamogeton compressus is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names grass-wrack pondweed, flatstem pondweed and eel-grass pondweed. Potamogeton compressus is native to northern Europe (Austria, Britain, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine), Asia (China (Yunnan), Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia). In North America P. compressus / zosteriformis occurs in northern USA and Canada. There are isolated populations in the Balkans, Oregon and the Rockies. There is considerable undertainty regarding the exact distribution of this species in Siberia and Canada. Ecology and Grass-wrack pondweed grows in still or slow-flowing, lowland, calcareous and often rather nutrient-rich water bodies such as backwaters in rivers, ponds and slow-moving streams, usually on fine substrates such as sand, silt, clay or peat, usually in less than 1. 5 m water depth. However, Japanese populations have been reported growing in 5 m of water. It is also capable of colonising artificial habitats such as canals and drainage ditches, so long as these are not heavily boated. Grass-wrack pondweed is intolerant of turbid water and prefers some shade.

Argentina anserina, also known as common silverweed, silverweed cinquefoil or just "silverweed", is a flowering perennial plant in the rose family Rosaceae. It is native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, often on river shores and in grassy habitats such as meadows and road-sides. The plant was formerly classified in the genus Potentilla but was reclassified into the resurrected genus Argentina by research in the 1990s. It is a species aggregate which has frequently been divided into multiple species. Silverweed is most often found in sandy or gravelly soils, where it may spread rapidly by its prolific rooting stolons. It typically occurs in inland habitats, unlike A. egedii, which is a salt-tolerant coastal salt marsh plant.

Pacific Potentilla (Potentilla anserina ssp. pacifica) is a native perennial herb that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the North Coast, the Central Coast and South Coast regions. It tends to grow in wet and brackish places, at elevations from 0-800 feet.

Potentilla basaltica is a species of flowering plant in the rose family known by the common names Soldier Meadows cinquefoil and basalt cinquefoil. It is endemic to a small area of the Modoc Plateau and Warner Mountains in northeastern California and northwestern Nevada. Potentilla basaltica occurs in Humboldt County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California, where there are a total of four occurrences. It grows in moist alkaline meadows near streams and springs. Stems are up to 50 centimeters long and may be purple-tinged. Most of the leaves are located around the base of the plant. They are each divided into several pairs of leaflets. There are a few smaller leaves located along the stems. Flowers. The flowers at the ends of the stems have bright yellow petals.

Potentilla biennis is a species of cinquefoil known by the common names biennial cinquefoil and Greene's cinquefoil. It is native to western North America from northwestern Canada to the southwestern United States, where it grows in moist habitat. This is an annual or biennial herb producing an erect stem up to 70 centimeters tall from a taproot. It is hairy and glandular in texture. The hairy leaves are each divided into three toothed, oval leaflets each up to 3 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a cyme of several flowers. Each flower has five oval yellow petals 1 or 2 millimeters long and five triangular sepals which are slightly longer. The fruit is a minute whitish achene.

Potentilla cristae is a rare species of cinquefoil known by the common name crested cinquefoil. It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of far northern California, where it is known from a few occurrences in the subalpine and alpine climates of the high mountain ridges. It grows in talus and moist rocky or gravelly serpentine soils. This is a low, matted plant producing a clump of hairy, glandular herbage up to about 20 centimeters tall. Each hairy leaf is divided into three rounded leaflets which are toothed or lobed and measure up to 2 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a cyme of a few flowers, each with five small yellow petals. The fruit is a minute achene just a millimeter wide, which is smooth with a crest.

Potentilla drummondii is a species of cinquefoil known by the common name Drummond's cinquefoil. It is native to North America from Alaska to California, where it grows in many types of moist habitat. It is perhaps better described as a species complex containing many intergrading subspecies that readily hybridize with other Potentilla species. The plant is variable, growing decumbent or erect, small and tufted or up to 60 centimeters tall, hairless to woolly. The leaves are divided into several leaflets, which may be cut into lobes or toothed. The inflorescence is a cyme of several flowers. Each has a small corolla of yellow petals, each petal one half to one centimeter in length.

Potentilla flabellifolia is a species of cinquefoil known by the common names high mountain cinquefoil, fanleaf cinquefoil and fan-foil. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Wyoming, where it grows in higher elevation mountainous habitat, such as summertime meadows. It produces one or more erect stems from a branching caudex and system of rhizomes. It grows 10 to 30 centimeters tall, and is slightly hairy to nearly hairless. The leaves are ternate, divided into three leaflets. The basal leaves are largest, borne on long petioles. Each has oval leaflets up to 3 centimeters long which are deeply cut into blunt teeth. Smaller leaves occur higher on the stem. The inflorescence is a cyme of one or more flowers. The flower has usually five yellow petals up to a centimeter long on a calyx of pointed sepals and narrower pointed bractlets.

Varileaf Cinquefoil (Potentilla diversifolia) is a native perennial herb that grows in Central California, primarily in the High Sierra Nevada region. It is moderately fast growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in a semi-upright form to a height of 3 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are yellow and striking, and bloom in the late spring. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It tends to grow in moist rocky places, at elevations from 8000-11600 feet.