Horticultural selection from Fragaria chiloensis. Lipstick is an extremely showy, easy-care ground cover for a wide variety of garden situations. Plant it in full sun on the coast, part shade inland and it will reward you with bright pink flowers from mid spring until mid fall. It's small shiny fruits are not as tasty as the woodland strawberry, but the birds are not so picky. It is a fast grower to 4"-6" high and 1'-2' wide. Water this ideal ground cover regularly during it's first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system. This strawberry can tolerate regular garden water or infrequent irrigation. With regular water and partial shade Lipstick can make a wonderful lawn replacement. It is also ideal in borders, containers, rock gardens or as an embankment stabilizer. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is a perennial groundcover in the Rose family (Rosaceae). Naturally occurring across the Northern Hemisphere, it is also commonly known as Wild Strawberry and Wood Strawberry. Spreading by rhizomes (underground) and stolons (above-ground runners), the dark green leaves and bright red fruits make an attractive groundcover. The fruits are small but flavorful and are priced both by wildlife and humans. Bees and other pollinators adore the flowers.

As the name suggests, Woodland Strawberry grows in partly shady Woodland and Forest habitats. Although tolerant of dry sites in full shade, they grow in moist locations in part sun, such as near creeks or streams. Plant Woodland Strawberries in a shady area of the yard, along pathways, between stepping stones, amongst ferns and under mature trees and shrubs. To propagate more plants, dig up and relocate new plants that have rooted from the runners. Do this in early spring just as new growth appears.

This cultivar was selected for improved vigor, heavy bloom, long bloom period (January - July) and tasty berries. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites.

The Virginia Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), is one of two species of strawberry that were hybridized to create the modern domesticated Garden Strawberry. Its natural range is confined to North America, in the United States (including Alaska) and Canada, although a popular variety called "Little Scarlet" grows only in Great Britain, having been imported from the United States in the early 1900s. It is also sometimes called "Wild Strawberry", though this can also refer to several other species of Fragaria, particularly F. vesca.

Coffeeberry (Frangula californica)  is a dense evergreen shrub with dark red branches and oval leaves that are an attractive dark green with reddish tint. The flowers are inconspicuous, small and greenish-white. The plant is prized more for its fruit, which turns red, then purple, and finally black over the summer. The fruits attract a variety of birds. 

This shrub is beautiful and easy to grow. It tolerates a wide variety of soil types and likes either full sun or part shade. It is moderately garden tolerant, and takes low water but accepts light summer water up to 2 times per month.

Coffeeberry has a dense form and is easy to prune. It makes a great and fire resistant hedge. There are six subspecies, some of which are restricted to certain parts of its range or certain growing requirements. There are also several horticultural varieties including 'Eve Case' and 'Mound San Bruno'. Select one that best fits your locations and conditions.

Horticultural selection from Frangula californica. Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Eve Case coffeeberry (Frangula californica 'Eve Case') is an evergreen shrub with dark red branches and dense dark-green oval leaves. The greenish flowers are not showy, unlike the attractive berries which turn red, purple, and finally black over the summer.  Coffeeberry is a fairly common plant native to California and southwestern Oregon. This variety is smaller than others.  

The berries attract a variety of birds. 

Coffeeberry is easy to prune. This variety makes a great and fire resistant clipped hedge. Due to its small size, it is a good choice for pots or containers.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Horticultural selection from Frangula californica from san Bruno Mountain south of san Francisco. The Mound San Bruno coffeeberry is a small low growing, evergreen shrub that has stunning red twigs and bark, offset by intense green foliage. This shrub is a cultivar from the San Bruno Mountain area, and is ideal for small, 5'ft x 5'ft cool spaces in the garden or hedge. San Bruno requires minimal water and is less tolerant of heat and drought than other varieties of coffeeberry. The shrub flowers in the mid to late spring, with berries fading from bright red to black in the fall. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun or part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Serpentine Hoary Coffeeberry (Frangula californica ssp. crassifolia) is a native shrub that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the North Coast, the Klamath Mountain Range and North Coast Range regions. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-3300 feet.

Western California Coffeeberry (Frangula californica subsp. occidentalis) grows in northern California and southwest Oregon, on serpentine soils. Fruit with three seeds; twigs brown; leaves with inconspicuous veins. In favorable conditions the plant can develop into a small tree over 6 meters tall. More commonly it is a shrub between 1 and 2 meters tall. The branches may have a reddish tinge and the new twigs are often red in color. The alternately arranged evergreen leaves are dark green above and paler on the undersides. The leaves have thin blades in moist habitat, and smaller, thicker blades in dry areas. The small greenish flowers occur in clusters in the leaf axils. The fruit is a juicy drupe which may be green, red, or black. It is just under a centimeter long and contains two seeds that resemble coffee beans. This subspecies of Frangula californica has fruit with three seeds; twigs brown; leaves with inconspicuous veins. It can live an estimated 100 to 200 years.The plant reproduces sexually by seed and vegetatively by sprouting. After wildfire or cutting, the plant generally resprouts from its root crown. Reproduction via seed is most common in mature stands of the plant. It produces seeds by 2 or 3 years of age. Seeds are mature in the fall. Seed dispersal is often performed by birds, which are attracted to the fruit; some plants are so stripped of fruit by birds that hardly any seeds fall below the parent plant. This long-lived plant is persistent and becomes a dominant species in many habitat types, such as coastal woods. In the absence of wildfire, the shrub can grow large, with a wide spread that can shade out other flora. When fire occurs, the plant can be very damaged but it readily resprouts from the surviving root crown, which is covered in buds for the purpose. It reaches its pre-burn size relatively quickly.Parts of the plant, including the foliage and fruit, are food for wild animals such as mule deer, black bears, and many birds, as well as livestock

Hoary Coffeeberry (Rhamnus tomentella) is a native shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-7500 feet.

Desert Hoary Coffeeberry (Rhamnus tomentella ssp. ursina) is a native shrub that grows in Southern and Central California, primarily in the Desert Mountains and Mojave Desert regions. It tends to grow at elevations from 3900-6900 feet.

Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara Buckthorn, Cascara, Bearberry, and in the Chinook Jargon, Chittam or Chitticum; syn. Frangula purshiana, Rhamnus purshianus) is a species of buckthorn native to western North America from southern British Columbia south to central California, and inland to western Montana. It is the largest species of buckthorn, occasionally growing up to 15 meter tall, though more commonly a large shrub or small tree 5-10 meter tall, with a trunk 20-50 centimeter in diameter. The bark is brownish to silver-grey with light splotching. The leaves are deciduous, alternate, clustered near the ends of twigs; they are oval, 5-15 centimeter long and 2-5 centimeter broad with a 0.6-2 centimeter petiole, dark shiny green on top, fuzzy and paler green below. The flowers are tiny, 4-5 millimeter diameter, with five greenish yellow petals; the flowering season is brief, disappearing by early summer. The fruit is a berry 6-10 millimeter diameter, bright red at first, quickly maturing deep purple or black, and containing three seeds.

Red Buckthorn (Frangula rubra) is a native shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California It is native to the mountains and plateau areas of northern and eastern California and western Nevada, including the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, where it grows in many habitat types, including forests, chaparral, and sagebrush.It is a spreading shrub approaching two meters in maximum height, its bark red or gray. The thin, deciduous leaves are generally oval in shape, green to grayish in color, and up to 8 centimeters long. The edges are smooth or faintly toothed. The inflorescence is an umbel of up to 15 flowers with five pointed sepals opening into a starlike shape and five smaller, greenish petals. The fruit is a drupe which ripens to black. It measures just over a centimeter long and contains 2 seeds.

Red Buckthorn (Frangula rubra ssp. rubra) is a native shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California.

Frankenia palmeri is a species of flowering plant in the frankenia family, Frankeniaceae, known by the common name Palmer's seaheath, or Palmer's frankenia. It is native to the coastline of northwestern Mexico, as well as San Diego County, California, in the United States. It is a plant of sand dunes, beaches, alkali flats, and salt marshes, where it thrives due to its adaptation to saline soils. This is a small, tangling shrub less than a meter tall with spreading stems lined with clusters of knobby, fleshy leaves. Toward the ends of branches flowers appear among the leaf clusters. Each flower has white petals 3 or 4 millimeters long, often washed with pink toward the throat and with pink anthers. The plant is becoming increasingly rare as its habitat on valuable coastal land is consumed for development.

The perennial herb Frankenia salina, often called Alkali Heath or Alkali Seaheath, is a member of the Frankeniaceae family that is native to California. It is occasionally found in Nevada and Mexico. In California it is found along the coast, in the mountain, central valley, and other wetland locations, including salt marsh and alkali flats. Its common name refers to its preference for saline or alkaline soils. It is a squat flowering bush that forms a twiggy thicket near beaches and estuaries. The leaves are tiny and somewhat succulent. It has the ability to excrete salt as an adaptation for living in saline habitats. The flowers are white, pink or fuchsia in color. It spreads by rhizome and can cover large areas but remains very low. It is not a common garden plant but can be a useful ground cover at the edges of ponds or streams, in bioswales, or in areas of saline soil.

Frasera albicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name whitestem frasera. It is native to the northwestern United States, where it grows in open areas in mountain habitat. It is a perennial herb growing from a woody base surrounded by rosettes of leaves, its stem growing 10 to 70 centimeters tall. The leaves are green with white margins. The basal leaves are lance-shaped, up to 30 centimeters long, and borne on petioles. Leaves higher on the stem are smaller and narrower and are oppositely arranged. The inflorescence is a dense panicle atop the stem, sometimes interrupted into a series of clusters of flowers. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a corolla of four pointed lobes each one half to one centimeter long. The corolla is pale greenish white to light blue to purple, often dotted, streaked, or veined with darker blue. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary.

Frasera albomarginata (syn. Swertia albomarginata) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name desert green gentian, or desert frasera. It is native to the southwestern United States from easternmost California to Colorado and New Mexico, where it grows in open, dry areas, such as desert woodlands. Frasera albomarginata is a perennial herb producing one or more stems up to 30 to 60 centimeters tall. The leaves are green with distinct white margins. The basal leaves are lance-shaped, up to 9 centimeters long by one wide. Leaves higher on the plant are smaller and narrower and are borne in whorls or opposite pairs. The inflorescence is an open panicle of flowers at the top of the stem. Each flower has a corolla of four pointed lobes which are greenish white, darker green at the tips, with purple speckles. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frasera albomarginata.

Frasera neglecta (syn. Swertia neglecta) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name pine green gentian. The plant is endemic to California, where it is known from the Western Transverse Ranges in the Greater Los Angeles region, and the Southern California Coast Ranges. Frasera neglecta is a perennial herb producing one or more erect stems from a rosetted base, reaching up to roughly half a meter tall. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped and green with white margins; the largest leaves at the base of the plant can reach 20 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a dense panicle atop the stem, sometimes interrupted into a series of clusters of flowers. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a corolla of four pointed lobes each up to 1. 5 centimeters long. The corolla is greenish white with purple streaks. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary.

Frasera parryi (syn. Swertia parryi) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name Coahuila frasera. It is native to southern California and adjacent Baja California, and Arizona. It grows in oak woodland and chaparral habitats along the coast and inland. Frasera parryi is a perennial herb that produces one or two erect stems growing up to 1. 5 m in height. The basal leaves are lance-shaped, strap-shaped, or somewhat oval and elongated with pointed tips, reaching up to 25 cm long. Leaves higher on the plant are widely lance-shaped to oval, smaller, and oppositely arranged. The leaves are green with white margins. The inflorescence is an open panicle of flowers atop the stem. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a corolla of four pointed lobes each 1 to 2 cm long. The corolla is greenish with purple speckles, and each lobe has a fringe of hairs near the base. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary.

Frasera puberulenta (syn. Swertia puberulenta) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name Inyo frasera. It is native to the High Sierra Nevada of California, as well as the Inyo Mountains and White Mountains of eastern California, where its distribution extends just over the border into Nevada. It grows in dry mountain woodlands. Frasera puberulenta is a perennial herb producing several lightly hairy stems 10 to 30 centimeters long. The leaves are green with white margins and have fuzzy hairs on the undersides. The inflorescence is an open panicle of flowers atop the stem. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a corolla of four pointed lobes each roughly a centimeter long. The corolla is greenish with purple dots, and each lobe has a fringe of hairs near the base. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary.

Frasera speciosa is a species of flowering plant in the Gentian Family (Gentianaceae) known by the common names elkweed, deer's ears, and monument plant. Growth pattern. It is a perennial herb growing from a woody base surrounded by rosettes of large leaves that measure up to 50 centimeters long by 15 wide. Stems and leaves. It produces a single erect stem which can reach two meters in height. Inflorescense and fruit. The stem bears whorls of lance-shaped, pointed leaves smaller than those at the base. The plant is monocarpic, growing for several years and only flowering once before it dies. Flowering is synchronized among plants in a given area, with widespread, picturesque blooms occurring periodically. It is not known why some plants in an area will not flower in a mass flowering event, or what cues the plants rely on to initiate flowering. The inflorescence is a tall, erect panicle with flowers densely clustered at the top and then spread out in interrupted clusters below. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a corolla of four pointed lobes each one to two centimeters long. The corolla is yellow-green with purple spots and each lobe has two fringed nectary pits at the base. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary. It blooms from July to August. Uses and ecological interaction. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frasera speciosa.

Frasera tubulosa (syn. Swertia tubulosa) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name Kern frasera. The gentian is endemic to California, where it is known only from the southern Sierra Nevada, primarily within the Sequoia National Forest and Sequoia National Park. The plant grows in open mountain areas, and in foothill chaparral and woodlands habitats. Frasera tubulosa Frasera tubulosa is a perennial herb growing just a few centimeters tall to about a meter in maximum height. The pointed, lance-shaped basal leaves are up to 9 centimeters long. They are green with white margins, and they tend to have downcurved tips. Smaller leaves are arranged in whorls higher on the stem. The inflorescence is an open panicle of flowers atop the stem. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a bell-shaped corolla of four pointed lobes each roughly a centimeter long. The corolla is white or blue-tinged with light blue veining. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary.

Fraxinus anomala is a species of ash tree known by the common name single-leaf ash. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in a number of habitats including desert scrub and chaparral. This is a deciduous shrub or small tree approaching maximum heights of five to six meters. The leaf may be simple or it may be compound, composed of up to five leaflets which look like individual leaves. Each leaflet is oval-shaped to round and may have teeth along the edges. The nondescript brownish flowers lack petals. The fruit is a flat samara up to two centimeters long and one wide, green when young and tan to brown when mature. The samaras hang in bunches.

California ash (Fraxinus dipetala) is a beautiful flowering tree or shrub native to the California Coast Ranges and Sierra foothills, growing at elevations of 300 to 4,300 feet. It has light to dark green serrated leaves and produces sweetly scented white flowers in fluffy clusters. The fruit is a long, winged seed (samara) that hangs in bunches.

This drought-adapted tree thrives in various soils, including heavy clay, and benefits from occasional summer water. It also supports wildlife, serving as a host plant for the pale tiger swallowtail butterfly, whose larvae overwinter in rolled-up leaves. With pruning, it can be shaped into a lovely multi-trunked specimen tree.

Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon ash) is a member of the Oleaceae (Olive) family native to western North America on the west side of the Cascade Range from southwestern British Columbia south through western Washington and western Oregon to central California. It can grow to 25 meters in height, with a trunk diameter of 30-80 centimeter, and it is typically larger in the northern part of its range. Trees can live to 250 years; young trees are fast growing, slowing down in maturity. It is usually found in riparian corridors within forest, woodland, chaparral, or grassland. The compound leaves are pinnate, 12-33 centimeter long, with 5-9 leaflets, each leaflet ovate, 6-12 centimeter long and 3-4 centimeter broad, and often show signs of disease and brown rot, even on otherwise healthy plants. The inconspicuous flowers are dioecious, meaning that male and female parts are contained in separate flowers. The fruit is a samara, 3-5 centimeter long including the wing, and not usually produced until the tree reaches 20-30 years of age. It is also a vigorous stump-sprouter.

Fraxinus velutina (Velvet Ash or Arizona Ash or Modesto Ash) is a species of Fraxinus native to southwestern North America, in the United States from southern California east to Texas, and in Mexico from northern Baja California east to Coahuila and Nuevo Len. It is a small deciduous tree growing to 10 meter tall, with a trunk up to 30 centimeter diameter. The bark is rough gray-brown and fissured, and the shoots are velvety-downy. The leaves are 10-25 centimeter long, pinnately compound with five or seven (occasionally three) leaflets 4 centimeter or more long, with an entire or finely serrated margin. The flowers are produced in small clusters in early spring; it is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees. The fruit is a samara 1.5-3 centimeter long, with an apical wing 4-8 millimeter broad.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden from F. californicum var. crassifolium and named after a site in the santa Cruz Mtns.

Hybrid of Fremontia californicum and Fremontia mexicanum. One of the most beautiful large native shrubs. California Glory is an abundantly flowering shrub whioh will make a grand statement in your landscape. The masses of 3" golden yellow flowers bring warmth and life to the garden. Leaves are dark green and covered with tiny hairs. Growing to 15'-20' height and up to 15' wide, this shrub needs some space and course, well draining soil to thrive. Be very sure not to overwater once this shrub is established. If possible, plant your Fremontodendron in late fall so that it is established before the summer, avoiding the danger of overwatering. The dry hairs on the leaves can be irritating to skin, so it is best to plant this away from high-traffic areas.

Hybrid, random; origin = seed (1949) R. californicum x F. mexicanum, Theodore Payne Foundation; intro Rancho santa Ana Botanic Garden 1962. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Hybrid of F. californicum x F. mexicanum. Introduced by Rancho santa Ana Botanic Garden.

Hybrid of Fremontia decumbens and Fremontia 'California Glory'. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Hybrid between F. decumbens x F. 'California Glory'.

Fremontodendron hybrid. 'Ken Taylor' offers all the stunning beauty of the Fremontodendron californica, but in a more compact form suitable for smaller gardens. This hybrid reaches about 5' high and spreads to about 8'. Attractive blooms of deep gold, with a darker orange outside adorn the shrub in spring and into summer. Leaves are deep green. Ideal for planting on slopes, where the soil drains well. This shrub will not need supplemental water after establishment. If possible, plant your Fremontodendron in late fall so that it is established before the summer, avoiding the danger of overwatering. The dry hairs on the leaves can be irritating to skin, so it is best to plant this away from high-traffic areas.

Fremontodendron 'Ken Taylor' was created by Ken Taylor of Aromas, California and is thought to be a cross of Fremontodendron califronica ssp. decumbens and Fremontodendron 'California Glory'. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Hybrid of Fremontodendron californicum and Fremontodendron mexicanum, a cultivar by Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. It is a large, robust plant reported to reach 15 - 20 feet tall, and grows in an upright to vase shape. However, we have noticed that this hybrid grows more slowly and stays smaller than the original and may be more suitable for smaller spaces. Pacific Sunset has large, fuzzy, 3 inch wide yellow flowers that have an orange-red blush, as opposed to the original full yellow. The leaves of the plant are fairly sturdy like a geranium's, and have a similar shape. Called Flannel Bush due to the leaves, stems, and flower bracts all being covered in thick, visible hairs. The hairs can cause allergic reactions or allergies for some people. This is a stunning plant when in bloom in spring, and is an interesting evergreen texture in winter. Fremontodendron 'Pacific sunset' does well on slopes since it favors sandy, rocky, exceptionally well-draining soil. It needs full sun to light shade, and dry conditions. 'Pacific sunset' is drought tolerant and needs no supplemental water in summer once established.

Hybrid of Fremontia californicum and Fremontia mexicanum. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden. Hybrid of F. mexicanum X F. californicum introduced by Rancho santa Ana Botanic Garden.

A low growing member of the flannel bush family, Fremontodendron 'West Hills' spreads about 8' wide and grows up to about 4'. An excellent and showy, no maintenance groundcover , 'West Hills' does best where it has perfect drainage, such as a rocky slope or canyonside. This flannel bush offers large, yellow-orange flowers in spring and has attractively lobed leaves on arching branches. It is a mounding evergreen shrub that would do well with some supplement water after planting in autumn, but then no more water as it is drought tolerant. Flannel bushes are tough as nails in dry conditions, but susceptible to rot from overwater, so be sure the proposed planting site has excellent drainage. Please note, the fuzzy leaves are actually covered in hairs that can irritate human skin---plant this native away from walkways, more up on a bank or less trafficked area. 'West Hills' needs full sun to part shade, and is frost resistant. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Hybrid between F. decumbens x F. 'California Glory'.

Best known for its spectacular bright yellow flowers during spring blooming season, Flannel Bush (Fremontodendron californicum) is an eye-catching large evergreen shrub. The vibrant blooms attract bees and butterflies. This plant gets its name from fuzzy hairs that cover its leaves. These hairs can be an irritant to eyes and skin.

Flannel Bush has unique moisture and site-selection requirements. In its natural environment, it grows in sandy or chalky soil, about 10 feet away from a water source. In the garden, plant it at a similar distance from any type of irrigation. It is fast growing, and under ideal conditions, it can reach 20 feet tall and 20 feet wide in five years.

It is notably intolerant of summer water and should stay dry, even when it looks like it needs water. Supplemental irrigation that's too close to a Flannel Bush can kill it. This plant depends on its long roots to reach moisture at a distance, so be sure to plant it near other low-moisture plants.

This flannel bush is a cross between classic F. californicum and F. mexicanum, and is a cultivar brought about by Rancho santa Ana Botanic Garden. It is a large, robust plant reported to reach 2 to 3 feet tall, and grows in a wide vase shape for a width of 15 to 2 feet. However,we have noticed that this hybrid grows more slowly and stays smaller than the original and may be more suitable for smaller spaces. Pacific sunset has large, fuzzy, 3" yellow flowers that have an orange- red blush, as opposed to the original full yellow. The leaves of the plant are fairly sturdy like a geranium's, and have a similar shape. Fremontodenron is given the common name "flannel bush" due to the leaves, stems, and flower bracts all being covered in thick, visible hairs. This is a stunning plant when in bloom in spring, and off bloom is an interesting evergreen texture in the water wise garden. Fremontodendron 'Pacific sunset' does well on slopes since it favors sandy, rocky, exceptionally well-draining soil, needs full sun to light shade, and dry conditions. 'Pacific sunset' is drought tolerant and needs no supplemental water in summer once established.

Pine Hill Fremontia (Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens) is a rare native shrub that grows in Central California, primarily in the High Sierra Nevada region. It tends to grow in dry sandy washes, at elevations from 1300-6600 feet.

Fremontodendron mexicanum is a rare species of shrub in the mallow family known by the common name Mexican flannelbush. It is known from about ten occurrences in northern Baja California and adjacent San Diego County, California, but it has most recently been confirmed to exist in only two of those locales today. In 1993, fewer than 100 individuals were thought to exist. In the United States it is a federally listed endangered species. The shrub grows in chaparral and coniferous forests among Tecate cypress trees, generally on alluvial plains. It is grown as an attractive ornamental plant in gardens and has occasionally been seen growing in the wild as a garden escapee. It is an erect, flowering shrub or multi-trunked small tree reaching 6-15 feet (1. 8-4. 6 m) high, with branches spreading to 10 feet (3. 0 m) wide. The leathery and furry olive green leaves are up to 5 centimeters long and divided into several wide lobes. The solitary flowers, each about 6 centimeters wide, appear spread along the branches. The showy flowers are made up of five bright orange sepals and have no true petals.

Fremontodendron mexicanum is cultivated as an ornamental plant by specialty plant nurseries, for planting in native plant, drought tolerant, and wildlife gardens, and in natural landscaping and habitat restoration projects.

Fritillaria affinis (checker lily, chocolate lily) is a highly variable species in the genus Fritillaria, native to western North America, in California, Klamath Ranges, the north coast ranges, Cascade Ranges, north Sierra Nevada foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area, north to British Columbia and Idaho. It is found at elevations ranging from sea level to 5,000 ft. It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are 10-120 centimeter tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, 1-4 centimeter, yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls. Like many other native geophytes, it needs either a dry summer dormancy or very well drained soil. Given its wide range in the wild, it should be easy to grow. However, people report varying results in the garden.

Fritillaria agrestis is a species of fritillary known by the common name stinkbells. This wildflower is endemic to California, where it is a rare plant. It grows in heavy soils, particularly clay, in the central part of the state. This lily grows an erect stem reaching about half a meter in height with a clump of 5 to 12 long, narrow leaves clustered around its base. The nodding flower is a cup of six petals, each one to three centimeters long and sometimes curved at the tips. They are white with greenish to pinkish markings on the outer surface and purple-brown on the inner surface. The nectaries inside the flower are long and prominent. The flower has an unpleasant odor.

Fritillaria atropurpurea is a species of fritillary known by several common names, including spotted fritillary, purple fritillary, spotted mountainbells, and spotted missionbells. This wildflower is native to the western United States, where it is often found beneath trees in moldy leaf litter. This species has the widest distribution of the fritillaries, growing from California to the Dakotas. The stems may reach anywhere from 10 to 60 centimeters in height and bear narrow, pointed leaves at nodes along the stem. The nodding flower has splayed-open petals each one or two centimeters long which are yellowish or cream-colored with heavy dark purple-brown mottling. The center of the flower has a central style surrounded by stamens with very large yellow anthers. This species is similar to Fritillaria pinetorum, but it has nodding flowers compared with the latter's erect blooms.

Fritillaria biflora (Chocolate Lily) is a species in the Liliaceae (Lily) family that is endemic to California and northern Baja. It is found along the coast from Montery County south. Fritillaria biflora is called "Chocolate Lily" because its bell-shaped flowers resemble the color of chocolate. It should not be confused with Arthropodium strictum, which is also called "chocolate lily" but which resembles the scent of chocolate rather than the color. It is an extraordinarily beautiful flower but infrequently available and not easy to grow. It is grown from a bulb that should be planted fairly deep, around 4 in. It needs fast drainage and requires a dry summer dormancy.