Fritillaria biflora var. biflora is one of two recognized varieties of this species in California. For further details please refer to the main species listing for Fritillaria biflora.

Fritillaria biflora var. ineziana (Hillsborough chocolate lily) is a species of fritillary endemic to San Mateo County, California. It grows on serpentinite in cismontane woodland and valley and foothill grassland at elevations that range from 295 to 525 feet (90 to 160 meters) It is typically found on serpentine soils and it is defined as a "broad endemic" (5. 4/6. 2 affinity) where 85-94% of occurrences are expected to occur on ultramafic soils. Fritillaria biflora var. ineziana is endemic to California and only known to occur in the Hillsborough area of San Mateo County in the San Francisco Bay Area. The California Natural Diversity Database only has two known locations of this species - one from the Montara Mountain/San Mateo 7. 5 minute USGS quadrangles and the other one from the San Mateo quadrangle. 

Fritillaria brandegeei (greenhorn fritillary) is a plant species endemic to California, known from only Kern and Tulare Counties. It grows in open forests at elevations of 1500-2100 m. Fritillaria brandegeei is a bulb-forming perennial up to 100 cm tall. Leaves are in 1-2 whorls of 4-8 leaves per node. Flowers are nodding, pinkish-purple.

Fritillaria eastwoodiae, also known as Butte County Fritillary or Eastwood's Fritillary is a rare member of the Lily family (Liliaceae), endemic to the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Mountains in California. It grows in dry open woodlands and chaparral from 500 to 1500 meters, in Shasta, Yuba, Tehama, Butte and El Dorado Counties. It occurs in similar habitat with F. affinis, F. micrantha, and F. recurva, and blooms from March through May. It can sometimes be found on serpentine soils. It grows to heights from 20 to 80 centimeters, and has linear to narrowly lance-shaped leaves arranged on its waxy pale stem. Its flowers are nodding with slightly flared and slightly recurved petals. Its color varies from greenish-yellow mottled to a mixture of red, orange, green and yellow mottling.

Fritillaria falcata is a species of fritillary known by the common name talus fritillary. This rare wildflower is endemic to the serpentine talus of the mountains in and around the San Francisco Bay Area in California. It grows a short stem about 10 to 20 centimeters tall surrounded by two to six flat, sickle-shaped leaves up to about 8 centimeters in length. The erect, star-shaped flower has six petals one to two centimeters long which are greenish outside and yellow mottled with purple-brown inside. This is sometimes considered a subspecies of Fritillaria atropurpurea.

Fritillaria glauca is a species of fritillary known by the common names Siskiyou fritillary and Siskiyou missionbells. It is native to northern California and southern Oregon, where it is found in the serpentine talus on the slopes of the local mountains. This uncommon wildflower grows a short stem reaching 5 to 20 centimeters tall and surrounded by two to four thick, sickle-shaped leaves. It is sometimes stunted-looking with a curled or warped stem; it often grows in exposed mountainous areas. The lily flower is nodding and has six thick petals one to two centimeters long. They are yellow to purple and densely mottled. The fruits are winged.

Fritillaria liliacea, commonly known as Fragrant Fritillary, is a threatened perennial herb in the Liliaceae family. The range of this wildflower is over parts of southwestern Northern California, USA, especially Solano and Sonoma Counties and at coastal locations south to Monterey County; occurrence is typically in open hilly grasslands at altitudes less than 200 meters in elevation. The bell-shaped white flowers have greenish stripes and are set on a nodding pedicel of about 37 centimeters in height. The blossoms are odorless to faintly fragrant. F. liliacea prefers heavy soils including clays; for example, andesitic and basaltic soils derived from the Sonoma Volcanic soil layers are suitable substrate for this species. This California endemic has been a candidate for listing as a U.S. Federally endangered species, and some of the remaining fragmented colonies are at risk of local extinction, such that the species is considered locally endangered. Example occurrences are: Edgewood Park in San Mateo County and the Sonoma Mountains foothills in Sonoma County. Examples of highly fragmented or extirpated colonies are in San Francisco due to urban development.

Fritillaria micrantha, known by the common names brown fritillary and brown bells, is a California species of fritillary in the lily family. This wildflower is native to the Sierra Nevada of California, where it is a common resident of dry mountain slopes and to the foothills west of the main range. There is also one report of the species in the Diablo Range in San Benito County.

Fritillaria ojaiensis is a rare species of fritillary known by the common name Ojai fritillary. This wildflower is endemic to central California, where it is known from very few occurrences in the central Coast Ranges. It produces an erect stem reaching maximum heights near half a meter. The long, straight, very narrow leaves grow in whorls on the lower stem and in pairs near the top. Flowers are produced at intervals. Each nodding flower has six petals one to three centimeters long and greenish yellow to purple in color with purple mottling. At the center is a large nectary surrounded by stamens with large yellow anthers. This plant is similar to Fritillaria affinis and is sometimes considered a rare subtaxon of that species.

Fritillaria pinetorum is an uncommon species of fritillary known by the common names pinewoods fritillary and Davidson's fritillary. It is endemic to California where it is found in shady mountain forests in the central and southern parts of the state. It grows an erect stem between 10 and 40 centimeters high with four to 20 leaves narrow, straight or curling leaves. The erect flower has six petals each one to two centimeters long and yellow-mottled purple in color. It is similar in appearance to Fritillaria atropurpurea.

Fritillaria pluriflora is a rare species of fritillary known by the common name adobe lily. This wildflower is mainly limited to northern California, but it may exist in southern Oregon. It grows in the adobe clay soils of the foothills and low mountains in the area. It produces an erect stem reaching heights between ten and fifty centimeters. It has up to ten thick, long, oval-shaped leaves with wavy margins, most of which are clustered at ground level. The nodding flower has bright pink petals each one to four centimeters long. At the center of the flower is a pinkish to yellowish nectary and bright yellow anthers.

Fritillaria pudica (Yellow Fritillary) is a small, charming plant of sagebrush country in the western U.S. It is a member of the Lily family, or Liliaceae. Another (somewhat ambiguous) name is "yellowbells", since it has a bell-shaped yellow flower. It may be found in dryish, loose soil; it is amongst the first plants to flower after the snow melts, but the flower does not last very long; as the petals age, they turn a brick-red colour and begin to curl outward. This lily produces a small bulb, which can be dug up and eaten fresh or cooked; it served Native Americans as a good source of food in times past, and is still eaten occasionally. The plant is called [skni] in Sahaptin.

Fritillaria purdyi is a rare species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common name Purdy's fritillary. It is native to the northwestern corner of California, where it grows in the serpentine soils of the coastal and inland mountains. It is probably also present in Oregon. This bulbous perennial herb produces an erect stem 10 to 40 centimeters tall surrounded by several oval leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The smooth stem is topped with a raceme flower cluster of one or more cup- or bell-shaped flowers. Each flower has 6 white petals heavily shaded with brownish-purple streaks or marks and pink tinting.

Fritillaria recurva, the Scarlet Fritillary, is a herb in the Liliaceae family. It is native to southwest Oregon from Douglas County south into California where it grows in the Klamath Mountains, Northern Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, and Sierra Nevada. It grows in dry, open woodlands and chaparral from 300 to 2200 meters, and it blooms in spring from February to July. Throughout its range it is distinguishable from other Fritillaria species by its scarlet red color, checkered with yellow on the inside, and recurved petals. Its leaves are arranged in whorls and are linear to narrowly lance-shaped. In southwest Oregon it is similar to the rare Fritillaria gentneri. The latter can be distinguished from F. recurva by its branching style and longer nectary glands. Additionally, it blooms about two weeks after Scarlet Fritillary and has a different reddish color.

Fritillaria striata, known by the common name striped adobe lily, is an uncommon species of fritillary. The plant is endemic to California, where it is known only from the southern Sierra Nevada foothills in Kern County and Tulare County, and east of the Tejon Hills in the Tehachapi Mountains foothills, on the Tejon Ranch in Kern County. It grows in adobe clay soils. Fritillaria striata produces an erect stem 25 to 40 centimeters tall and bearing pairs of long oval-shaped leaves 6 to 7 centimeters long. The nodding flower is a bell-shaped, fragrant bloom with six light pink tepals each striped with darker pink. The tips roll back. In the darker center of the flower is a greenish-yellow nectary surrounded by yellow anthers. The main threat to the plant is cattle grazing, wild pigs, and invasive species of grasses. Fritillaria striata is listed by the State of California as a Threatened species, and is on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California, listed as Seriously Endangered in California.

Fritillaria viridea is a rare species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common name San Benito fritillary. It is endemic to the Central Coast Ranges of California, where it is an uncommon member of the chaparral and serpentine soils flora. There are confirmed records of this species from San Benito and Monterey Counties plus unconfirmed reports from Fresno and San Luis Obispo Counties. This bulbous perennial herb produces an erect stem 30 to 65 centimeters tall surrounded by several lance-shaped leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The smooth stem is topped with a raceme inflorescence of one or nodding bell-shaped flowers. Each flower has 6 tepals one to two centimeters long which are pale to very dark greenish. This bulbous perennial herb produces an erect stem 30 to 65 centimeters tall surrounded by several lance-shaped leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The smooth stem is topped with a raceme inflorescence of one or nodding bell-shaped flowers. Each flower has 6 tepals one to two centimeters long which are pale to very dark greenish.

Funastrum cynanchoides (formerly called Sarcostemma cynanchoides), fringed twinevine or climbing milkweed, is a perennial plant in the Dogbane Family (Apocynaceae) that grows twining through other plants in the Mojave Desert and Colorado Desert. It has milky sap and smells pungent. It is similar to Funastrum hirtellum. Its narrow, arrowhead shaped leaves are opposite and 1" to 1 1/2" long. Flowers. Flowers are pink to purplish, and are produced in umbrella-like heads (umbels. Fruits. It has a fruit that is 3" to 4" long, with tufted seeds about 1. 4" long.

Sarcostemma hirtellum (Funastrum hirtellum) (rambling milkweed, hairy milkweed), is a perennial, vine-like plant of mid- to lower-elevation desert regions. It is a member of the Asclepiadaceae family, and the Sarcostemma genus, the climbing milkweeds. It is found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico - in southeastern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, Sonora, and Baja California. Hairy milkweed can be an aggressive, opportunistic species, capable of overtaking a suitable sprouting location and killing the plants it grows upon. If the supporting plants can compete successfully, all of the species continue.

Galium andrewsii is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names phloxleaf bedstraw and Andrews' bedstraw. It is native to California and Baja California, where grows in a number of dry habitats such as chaparral and woodland. This is a low, clumping or mat-forming perennial herb growing no higher than about 22 centimeters. Narrow, needlelike green to grayish leaves grow in whorls of four on the slender branches. Each is up to a centimeter long and has a sharp point tipped with a hair. The plant is dioecious with individuals bearing either male or female flowers; the male flowers are produced in clusters and the female flowers are solitary. They are greenish-yellow and similar in appearance otherwise. The fruit is a berry.

Serpentine Bedstraw (Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in Southern and Central California, primarily in the SF Bay, the South Coast Range and South Coast regions. It tends to grow in dry slopes and ridges and open places, at elevations from 700-8500 feet.

Galium angustifolium is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name narrowleaf bedstraw. It is native to California and Baja California, where it is most commonly found in low elevation mountains. This is a stocky perennial herb or small shrub growing from a woody base and producing sprawling stems from a few centimeters to nearly a meter in length. Leaves grow in whorls of four about the stem at intervals, and the stem may branch at these points. The flower cluster is a panicle containing several flowers. The plant is dioecious, with male and female flowers similar in appearance with greenish-yellow flower parts. The fruit is a nutlet covered in long bristly white or yellowish hairs.

Galium aparine, with many common names including common bedstraw, cleavers, clivers, goosegrass, catchweed, stickyweed, robin-run-the-hedge, sticky willy, sticky willow, velcro weed, and grip grass, is a herbaceous annual plant of the family Rubiaceae. Whether it is native to North America is a question of some debate, but it is considered to be native here in most literature, including the Jepson Manual. The plant can be found growing in disturbed habitats and grassy, shady places throughout California. The herbage clings to clothes and animal fur due to the presence of small prickles on the stems and leaves. These prickles help the plant crawl over other vegetation to better compete for sunlight. It is highly variable in appearance but has small white flowers with four corolla lobes and round fruits which are coated in hooked hairs which aid in seed dispersal. It can become weedy in gardens but it is used as food for a wide range of insect species.

Galium argense (Argus bedstraw) is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. It is native to Inyo and San Bernardino Counties in California.

Galium bifolium is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names twinleaf bedstraw and low mountain bedstraw. It is native to western North America from British Columbia south to California and east to New Mexico, Colorado, South Dakota and Alberta. It grows in mountain forests and high-elevation plateaus. Galium bifolium is an annual herb standing erect to a maximum height of about 15 centimeters. Leaves grow in whorls of four divided into two pairs. The foliage is hairless and sometimes slightly fleshy. The solitary flowers have three white tepals and the fruit is a round nutlet covered in shiny white hairs.

Galium bolanderi is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Bolander's bedstraw. It is native to the mountains of California and southern Oregon. It is a resident of mountain forests and chaparral slopes. Galium bolanderi is a stout perennial herb or small shrub growing from a woody base. It produces sprawling or climbing stems up to 25 centimeters long which may be hairless to hairy. Small pointed leaves grow in whorls of four divided into two pairs at intervals along the stem, which may branch at these points. The plant is dioecious, with male plants producing clusters of staminate flowers on pedicels and female plants producing solitary pistillate flowers. Both types of flower are usually maroon. The fruit is a berry.

Galium boreale or northern bedstraw is a plant species of the Rubiaceae. It is widespread over the temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America including most of Canada and the northern United States. Gallium boreale is edible, with a sweet smell and taste, and can be eaten as a wild salad green. Varieties such as Galium boreale which do not contain the small hooks on the stem are not as palatable as the hooked varieties of Galium, like Galium aparine, but are important plants to remember for survival purposes.

Galium buxifolium is a rare species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names box bedstraw and island bedstraw. It is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, where it is known from about 26 populations on two of the islands. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This is a small shrub reaching one half to 1. 2 meters in maximum height. It has leathery rounded leaves in whorls of four about its stems and white flowers. The floral biology of the plant is unusual. It is generally dioecious, but it may have unisexual and bisexual flowers on one plant, or all female or all bisexual flowers on a single plant. It can reproduce sexually or vegetatively by sprouting new plants from its root crown. The fruit is a hairy nutlet.

Galium californicum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name California bedstraw. The plant is endemic to California. It grows mainly in moist, shady habitats in hills and mountainous areas, often within the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion. Galium californicum is a variable plant in the form of a small perennial herb to a sprawling woody-based shrub approaching 1 metre (3. 3 ft) in height. Its stems and small oval-shaped leaves are hairy. The plant is dioecious with male plants producing small clusters of staminate flowers and female plants producing solitary flowers. Both types of flower are generally dull yellow. The fruit is a berry covered in soft hairs. Subspecies. Seven subspecies of Galium californicum, all endemic to California, are currently recognized: Galium californicum subsp. californicum - California bedstraw - endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains of the Outer South California Coast Ranges. Galium californicum subsp. flaccidum - endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains of the Outer South California Coast Ranges, Outer and Inner North California Coast Ranges, and San Francisco Bay Area. Galium californicum subsp. luciense - Cone Peak bedstraw - endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains, on the Central Coast of California; CNPS rare species. Galium californicum subsp. maritimum - Coastal California bedstraw - endemic to Outer South California Coast Ranges, San Francisco Peninsula to Southern California. Galium californicum subsp. miguelense - San Miguel Island bedstraw - endemic to San Miguel Island of the northern Channel Islands, Southern California; CNPS rare species. Galium californicum subsp. primum - endemic to the San Jacinto Mountains and Chino Hills, Riverside County, California; State threatened species. Galium californicum subsp. sierrae - El Dorado bedstraw - endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills in El Dorado County; State rare species, federal endangered species.

Galium catalinense is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Santa Catalina Island bedstraw. It is endemic to two of the Channel Islands of California, where it grows along the coastal bluffs. It is a shrub growing erect to about a meter in maximum height with a rigid stem lined with whorls of four leaves each. The hairy leaves are generally lance-shaped and one to 2. 5 centimeters long. The inflorescence emerging from leaf axils is a dense cluster of whitish flowers. Two subspecies are currently recognized (May 2014):

Galium clementis is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Santa Lucia bedstraw. It is endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains of central California. This is a mat-forming perennial herb forming carpetlike dull green patches amongst the rock litter. The thick leaves are arranged in whorls of four, or occasionally six, about the stem. The foliage is covered thickly in gray hairs. The plant is dioecious, with male plants producing small clusters of staminate flowers and female plants producing solitary pistillate flowers; both types of flower are generally yellow. The fruit is a berry covered in soft hairs.

Galium cliftonsmithii is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Santa Barbara bedstraw. It is endemic to the coastal mountain ranges of California from Monterey to Los Angeles Counties. This is a perennial herb with slender, prickly climbing stems 30 to 60 centimeters long. The stems have whorls of four oval-shaped, pointed leaves tipped with hairs. The plant is dioecious, with individuals bearing either male or female flowers. Both types of flowers are yellowish and borne in small clusters. This plant was named for Clifton F. Smith, head botanist at the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden in 1958.