Lithophragma cymbalaria is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name mission woodland star. It is endemic to California, where it is known from moist, shady habitat in the California Coast Ranges and canyons from the San Francisco Bay Area to the Transverse Ranges in the Los Angeles region, and the northern Channel Islands of California. Lithophragma cymbalaria is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect or leaning with a slender naked flowering stem. The small leaves are mostly located on the lower part of the stem, each divided into three rounded lobes. The stem bears 2 to 8 flowers, each in a cuplike calyx of red or green sepals. The five petals are white, under one centimeter long, and smooth along the edges or very shallowly toothed.

Lithophragma glabrum is a slender perennial western North American mountain plant in the Saxifrage family (Saxifragaceae), known by the common names bulbous woodland star, bulbiferous prairie-star, smooth woodland star, and smooth rockstar.

Lithophragma heterophyllum is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name hillside woodland star. It is native to the coastal mountain ranges of California, where it can generally be found in shady habitat. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect or leaning with a slender naked flowering stem. The leaves are located on the lower part of the stem, each divided into rounded lobes. The stem bears 3 to 12 flowers, each in a cuplike calyx of red or green sepals. The five petals are white, up to 1.2 centimeters long, and usually divided into about three pointed lobes.

Lithophragma maximum, known by the common name San Clemente Island woodland star, is a rare species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family. It is endemic to San Clemente Island, one of the eight Channel Islands of California. It is known from only about four kilometers of rocky coastal cliffs on the edge of the island. The plant was thought to be extinct until a few specimens were rediscovered in 1979. Only 200 individuals were tallied in a 1996 survey. In 1997 the plant was listed as an endangered species on the federal level. Lithophragma maximum is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect or leaning with a slender naked flowering stem. The leaves are located on the lower part of the stem, each divided into three sharply toothed leaflets. The stem bears up to 25 flowers, each in a cuplike calyx of red or green sepals. The five petals are white or pink-tinged, approximately 4 millimeters long, and usually divided into about five pointed lobes. As of 2000 there were over 400 individuals remaining, but about one fourth of these are located in one canyon. All of the plants grow on land owned and tended by the United States Navy. The two main threats to the species have been erosion of the local habitat and the presence of feral goats and pigs. The latter issue was resolved when the Navy removed the feral herbivores. A genetic analysis revealed a relatively high genetic diversity across populations of this woodland star, probably due to the isolation of the populations from each other in the rugged, steep habitat. This suggests that it is important to protect each population in order to conserve the genetic variance in each.

Lithophragma parviflorum is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name smallflower woodland star. It is native to much of western North America from British Columbia to California to South Dakota and Nebraska, where it grows in several types of open habitat. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect or leaning with a naked flowering stem. The leaves are mainly located low on the stem, each cut into three lobes or divided into three lobed leaflets. The stem bears up to 14 flowers, each in a cuplike calyx of red or green sepals. The five petals are bright white, up to 1.6 centimeters long, and usually divided into three toothlike lobes.

Lithophragma trifoliatum is a variety of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known from the western slope of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada in California. It is sometimes considered its own species based on the pink, fragrant flowers, the shape of the hypanthium, and other characters. Others consider it to be a sterile variety of L. parviflorum that likely now persists by vegetative reproduction.

Lithospermum californicum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name California stoneseed. It is native to southern Oregon and northern California, where it can be found in many types of mountain habitat, such as forest, woodland, and chaparral. It is a hairy perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex. It produces a clump of branching, spreading stems up to about 40 centimeters long. The stems are lined with widely lance-shaped, lightly hairy leaves up to 5 centimeters long. The flowers appear near the ends of the stem branches, each with a calyx of narrow, pointed sepals. The corolla is bright golden yellow and nearly a centimeter wide at the mouth.

Lithospermum incisum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by several common names, including narrowleaf stoneseed, fringed gromwell, narrowleaf puccoon, and plains stoneseed. It is native to much of central Canada and the United States, where it is known from many types of habitat. It is a hairy perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex. It produces a cluster of stems up to about 30 centimeters long. The stems are lined with narrow, pointed leaves up to 6 centimeters long. The slender, trumpet-shaped flowers are pale to bright yellow or gold, and may approach 4 centimeters long. The corolla face is 1 to 2 centimeters wide, its lobes sometimes ruffled. Used medicinally by native americans, the ground leaves roots and stems were rubbed on the limbs to reduce paralysis. Among the Zuni people, a salve of the powdered root applied ceremonially to swelling of any body part. A poultice of root is used and decoction of the plant is taken for swelling and sore throat. The powdered root mixed with bum branch resin and used for abrasions and skin infections. An infusion of the root is taken for stomachache and kidney problems. The leaves are bound to arrow shafts, close to the point, obscured by sinew wrapping and used in wartime.

Lithospermum ruderale is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name western stoneseed. It is native to western Canada and the western United States, where it can be found in many types of habitat. It is a hairy perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex. It produces a cluster of erect leafy stems 20 to 50 centimeters tall. The stems are lined with lance-shaped leaves up to 8 centimeters long. Bunches of flowers appear toward the top of the stem amongst the leaves. The corolla is light yellow and about a centimeter long and wide. This plant was used as a contraceptive by several Native American groups, including the Navajo and Shoshone. Studies on mice showed the plant reduced their fertility.

Cardinal Flower is an evergreen species native to the Americas, from southeastern Canada through the eastern and southwestern United States, Mexico and Central America to northern Colombia. It tends to grow in very wet areas like stream bottoms, bogs and seeps. It grows to about a meter tall (when in flower) and has bright red flowers. Hummingbirds love it. Cardinal flower is often cultivated for ornamental purposes and has also been used for medicinal purposes.

The plant is very alkaloid and is considered toxic.

Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis var. pseudosplendens) is a native perennial herb that grows in southern and central California. It tends to grow in stream bottoms, at elevations from 1500-5200 feet.

Dunn's Lobelia (Lobelia dunnii) is a native perennial herb that grows in Southern California, primarily in the South Coast Range, the South Coast and Transverse Range regions. It tends to grow in falls and moist cliffs, at elevations from 0-3000 feet.

Dunn's Lobelia (Lobelia dunnii var. serrata) is a native perennial herb that grows in southern and central California. It tends to grow in falls and moist cliffs, at elevations from 0-3000 feet.

Loeseliastrum depressum (formerly Ipomopsis depressa) is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name depressed ipomopsis. It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States, where it grows in sandy habitat. It is a petite, decumbent annual herb forming a small clump on the ground, its hairy, glandular stems no more than 10 centimeters long. The leaves are linear to oval and pointed, each not more than 2 centimeters long. They are coated in white hairs. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of tiny white flowers, each pointed corolla lobe just a millimeter long or so.

Loeseliastrum matthewsii is an annual herbaceous plant of the Polemoniaceae family known by the common name desert calico. It is native to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of western North America, where it is relatively common. It is a small plant with alternately arranged leaves, each up to 4 centimeters long and edged with bristle-tipped teeth. The flower is white, lavender, and purple streaked with a maroon arch over a white patch on each of the upper lobes. The plant was named for Washington Matthews.

Loeseliastrum schottii is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name Schott's calico. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it is common in many parts of the desert region. It is a small, hairy annual herb with alternately arranged leaves each up to 4 centimeters long and edged with long bristle-tipped teeth. The flower generally has three lobes on its upper lip and two on its lower. It is spotted to mottled in pattern, varying in color from purple-speckled white to orange-speckled yellow, sometimes with reds and pinks. The protruding stamens are curved and tipped with yellow anthers.

Logfia filaginoides (formerly Filago californica), also called herba impia or cottonrose, is a small annual plant in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), found in the Southwestern United States. It grows throughout Southern California to Texas and Mexico. In the Mojave Desert, it grows in creosote bush scrub and Joshua tree woodlands.

Lomatium bicolor (Wasatch desertparsley) is an herb of the family Apiaceae that occurs in two varieties, Lomatium bicolor var. leptocarpum and Lomatium bicolor var. bicolor. It is 20-50 cm tall and the stems are split at the ground. Lomatium bicolor has glabrous, or mildly scabrous, compound umbels with yellow flowers that have relatively wide petals. The petioles are 9-14 cm long.

Lomatium californicum is a species of plant related to the carrot and the parsnip which is known by the common names California rock parsnip, celery weed, and California lomatium. It has blue-green leaves which resemble those of celery in both appearance and taste, and broad umbels of yellow flowers. Various parts of the plant have historically had medicinal uses among Native American groups. This plant is native to California and Oregon, where it is found in low elevation mountains and hills.

Lomatium canbyi is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Canby's biscuitroot (luk in the Sahaptin language and qeqit in the Nez Perce language). It is native to the Pacific Northwest of the United States, where it grows in sagebrush-covered plateau habitat and barren flats. It is a perennial herb growing up to about 25 centimeters tall. It lacks a stem, producing erect leaves and flower clusters from ground level. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and divided into many highly divided leaflets. The flower cluster is topped with a dense umbel of whitish flowers.

Lomatium caruifolium is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name alkali desertparsley. It is endemic to California, where it grows in wet, grassy areas in the northern foothills and plains, such as vernal pools and other temporary and alkaline puddles. It is a perennial herb growing 15 to 45 centimeters tall from a taproot. It generally lacks a stem, producing erect leaves and flower clusters from ground level. The leaves are up to 30 centimeters long and divided into many highly divided leaflets with narrow, pointed lobes. The flower cluster is topped with an umbel of yellowish to purplish flowers.

Alkali Desertparsley (Lomatium caruifolium var. caruifolium) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in adobe clay soils and vernal pools, at elevations from 200-2000 feet.

Lomatium ciliolatum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Yolla Bolly biscuitroot. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the mountain ranges adjacent to the north and south of the San Francisco Bay Area, at 300-600 feet, 1200-2100 m. It is often a member of the serpentine soils flora in woodland and chaparral habitat. Lomatium ciliolatum is a perennial herb growing 10 to 30 centimeters long from a taproot. It generally lacks a stem, producing hairy, clumpy or spreading leaves and inflorescences from ground level. The leaves are up to 7 centimeters long and divided into many highly divided leaflets with narrow lobes. The inflorescence is topped with an umbel of yellowish or purplish flowers. Lomatium ciliolatum is a perennial herb growing 10 to 30 centimeters long from a taproot. It generally lacks a stem, producing hairy, clumpy or spreading leaves and inflorescences from ground level. The leaves are up to 7 centimeters long and divided into many highly divided leaflets with narrow lobes. The inflorescence is topped with an umbel of yellowish or purplish flowers.

Lomatium congdonii, known by the common names Mariposa desertparsley and Congdon's lomatium, is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family . Lomatium congdonii is endemic to California, where it is known from only about 20 occurrences in the Sierra Nevada foothills of Mariposa and Tuolumne Counties. It grows in oak woodland habitat, often on serpentine soils. Lomatium congdonii is a perennial herb growing from a fibrous basal stem and taproot and producing upright inflorescences and leaves. The leaves are up to about 20 centimeters long and are intricately divided into many sharp-pointed segments. The erect inflorescence is an umbel of light yellow flowers.

Lomatium dasycarpum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name woollyfruit desertparsley. It is native to California and Baja California, where it widespread throughout many of the mountain ranges and valleys. This is a lightly hairy perennial herb up to about half a meter tall. The upright leaves emerge from the base of the plant, growing up to 24 centimeters long with blades divided into many small, narrow segments. The flower cluster is an umbel of hairy greenish or purplish flowers which yield woolly, flattened, disclike fruits up to 2 centimeters long.

Woolly Fruited Lomatium (Lomatium dasycarpum ssp. dasycarpum) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in dry ridges, at elevations from 0-5200 feet.

Lomatium dissectum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name fernleaf biscuitroot. It is native to much of western North America, where it grows in varied habitat. It is a perennial herb reaching up to 1.4 meters tall, growing from a thick taproot. The leaves are mostly attached near the base of the plant, spreading with petioles up to 30 centimeters long and large blades divided into many small, narrow segments. The flower cluster is an umbel of many small yellow or reddish flowers, each cluster on a ray up to 10 centimeters long. The fruits resemble pumpkin seeds.

Lomatium engelmannii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Engelmann's desertparsley, or Engelmann's lomatium. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California, where it is a member of the local serpentine soils flora. Lomatium engelmannii is a perennial herb growing 10 to 30 centimeters tall from a slender taproot. It lacks a stem, producing upright inflorescences and leaves from ground level. The leaves are up to about 30 centimeters long and are intricately divided into many lance-shaped segments. The inflorescence is an umbel of purplish flowers, the clusters on spreading rays up to 13 centimeters long. Lomatium engelmannii is a perennial herb growing 10 to 30 centimeters tall from a slender taproot. It lacks a stem, producing upright inflorescences and leaves from ground level. The leaves are up to about 30 centimeters long and are intricately divided into many lance-shaped segments. The inflorescence is an umbel of purplish flowers, the clusters on spreading rays up to 13 centimeters long.

Lomatium foeniculaceum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name desert biscuitroot. It is native to much of western and central North America, where it grows in many types of habitat. Lomatium foeniculaceum is a hairy perennial herb growing up to 30 centimeters long from a taproot. It lacks a stem, producing upright inflorescences and leaves from ground level. The leaves are up to about 30 centimeters long and are intricately divided into many small, narrow segments. The inflorescence is an umbel of many spreading clusters of small yellow or purplish flowers. The plant has a strong scent and the edible leaves taste like parsley, a close relative. Lomatium foeniculaceum is a hairy perennial herb growing up to 30 centimeters long from a taproot. It lacks a stem, producing upright inflorescences and leaves from ground level. The leaves are up to about 30 centimeters long and are intricately divided into many small, narrow segments. The inflorescence is an umbel of many spreading clusters of small yellow or purplish flowers. The plant has a strong scent and the edible leaves taste like parsley, a close relative.

Lomatium fusiformis is a species of flowering plants in the carrot family known by the common name California Indian potato. It is native to the western United States from California to Montana, where it grows in high mountains in rocky, gravelly habitat. It is a small perennial herb growing from a carrot-like tuber up to a centimeter wide. Leaves are located around the base of the plant, each with a blade made up of a few linear lobes a few centimeters in length. There is usually no stem but the inflorescence arises on a stemlike peduncle up to about 15 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is a compound umbel bearing many tiny white flowers with dark anthers.

Lomatium grayi is a perennial herb of the family Apiaceae. It is native to California and grows in dry, rocky areas with a lifespan of 5-7 years. Lomatium grayi flowers from April to July with 1-20 compound umbels, each with hundreds of yellow flowers. It has smooth stems that split at the ground, and a long, thick taproot.

Lomatium howellii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Howell's biscuitroot, or Howell's lomatium. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California, where it is a member of the local serpentine soils flora. It is a perennial herb growing up to 80 centimeters tall from a thick, branching taproot. It often lacks a stem, producing upright flower clusters and leaves from ground level. The long leaves may exceed a meter long and are each made up of many oval or rounded toothed leaflets. The flower cluster is an umbel of small yellow or purplish flowers.

Lomatium is a genus of about 75 species of perennial herbs native to western North America. In the Apiaceae family and related to many edible species such as carrots and celery, it is also edible. The common names for it are biscuitroot, Indian parsley, and desert parsley, and was extensively used by Indians in the inland northwest as a staple food. Roots range from woody taproots to more fleshy underground tuberous-thickened roots. Most lomatiums are desert species or grow on bluffs where water is limited for most of the year. They are green and grow the most during the spring when water is available, then set seed and dry out completely above ground before the hottest part of the year, while storing the energy they gained from photosynthesizing while water was available to them in their deep roots. For most of the year, the plant is not visible; the brown tops often are blown off or easily crushed, but it lies dormant underground for the next spring. The flowers are arranged in compound umbels, without involucral bracts (or with inconspicuous bracts). The flowers are white or yellow, more rarely a purple or maroon color. As with most Apiaceae, the fruit sets the genus apart from other yellow- or white-flowered look-alikes such as Cymopterus and Oreogenia. Uniquely, they are dorsally flattened and winged, which can be papery or corky, but help the seed to disperse further on the wind. The dorsal ribs may or may not be on the fruit, but are narrowly winged if at all. Leaves are mainly basal and dissected (ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately dissected or compound), many look like ferns or can be mistaken them. Ecology. It grows in a variety of habitats throughout western North America, from coastal bluffs to piles of basalt rock.

Lomatium lucidum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name shiny biscuitroot. It is native to coastal mountains and canyons of southern California and Baja California, where it is a member of the chaparral plant community, including recently burned areas. It is a somewhat fleshy perennial herb sometimes exceeding a meter tall. The leaves are up to about 24 centimeters long and are divided into many toothed, three-lobed leaflets each a few centimeters long. The flower cluster is a webbed umbel of yellow flowers borne on a peduncle up to half a meter tall.

Lomatium macrocarpum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name bigseed biscuitroot. It is native to much of western North America, where it can be found in various types of habitat, including the grasslands of the Great Plains. It is spreading or erect perennial herb growing up to about half a meter long with hairy, gray-green herbage. The leaves are up to about 24 centimeters long and are intricately divided into many small, narrow segments. The flower cluster bears an umbel of yellowish, purplish, or white flowers. The fruit is a compressed, winged, round or oval disc up to about 2 centimeters long.

Lomatium marginatum is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name butte desertparsley. It is endemic to California, where it is known from mountains, valley, and grassland habitat, including serpentine, in the northern half of the state. It is a perennial herb growing up to about half a meter tall from a small taproot. There is no stem, and the leaves and inflorescence emerge from ground level. The purple-green leaves may approach 30 centimeters long, their blades divided into many long, narrow segments. The short but wide inflorescence bears an umbel of yellowish, purplish, or reddish flowers. The Lomatium marginatum is not currently an endangered species.

Lomatium martindalei is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common names Cascade desertparsley and coast range lomatium. It is native to the west coast of North America, from Vancouver Island south to the Klamath Mountains of far northern California. It can be found in a number of coastal and inland habitats, from coastal plains to high mountain talus and meadows. This is a perennial herb growing 15 to 40 centimeters tall from a carrot-like taproot. There is often no stem, the erect or spreading leaves and flower cluster emerging from ground level. The thinly fleshy leaves may approach 20 centimeters long, their blades divided into leaflets made up of many small oval segments. The flower cluster bears an umbel of small yellowish flowers.

Lomatium mohavense is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Mojave desertparsley. It is native to the southern half California and adjacent sections of Arizona and Baja California, where it is known from several types of mountain and desert habitat, including chaparral, woodland, and scrub. Lomatium mohavense is a hairy gray-green perennial herb growing 10 to 40 centimeters tall from an elongated taproot. There is generally no stem, the erect or spreading leaves and inflorescence emerging from ground level. The leaves may approach 20 centimeters long, their blades intricately divided and subdivided into crowded clusters of tiny segments. The inflorescence is an umbel of yellow to brownish to dark purple flowers. Lomatium mohavense is a hairy gray-green perennial herb growing 10 to 40 centimeters tall from an elongated taproot. There is generally no stem, the erect or spreading leaves and inflorescence emerging from ground level. The leaves may approach 20 centimeters long, their blades intricately divided and subdivided into crowded clusters of tiny segments. The inflorescence is an umbel of yellow to brownish to dark purple flowers.

Carrotleaf Biscuitroot (Lomatium multifidum) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in wooded or brushy slopes, at elevations from 2000-9800 feet.

Lomatium nevadense is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Nevada biscuitroot. It is native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where it is known from several different habitat types, including sagebrush and woodlands. It is a perennial herb growing up to about 45 centimeters tall from a taproot. The leaves are up to about 16centimeters long, their blades divided into many oblong pointed segments. The flower cluster is an umbel of white or cream flowers.

Lomatium nudicaule is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name barestem biscuitroot. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Utah, where it is known from several habitat types, including forest and woodland. It is a perennial herb growing up to about 70 centimeters tall from a thick taproot. It generally lacks a stem, the flower cluster and leaves emerging from ground level. The leaves are made up of many dull green, waxy lance-shaped leaflets each up to 9 centimeters long. The flower cluster is borne on a stout peduncle widening at the top where it blooms in an umbel of yellow or purplish flowers. This plant was a source of food for many Native American groups, and its parts were used medicinally.